Gases in Volcanic Lake Environments

Christenson, Bruce; Tassi, Franco

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36833-2_5

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Following the December 9 th , 2014 eruption, the same study noted a dramatic increase in gas fluxes immediately following the eruption. Along with erratic preeruptive gas fluxes, a sudden increase in gas flux after a phreatic eruption is strong evidence for the rupture of the hydrothermal seal (Christenson and Tassi, 2015). Such post-eruptive increases have been observed at Ruapehu, Ontake and, Turrialba.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Sealing At Turrialbamentioning

confidence: 91%

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Hydrothermal alteration and sealing at Turrialba as a mechanism for phreatic eruption triggering

Mick¹,

Stix²,

Moor³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<p>Turrialba is a basaltic to andesitic Holocene stratovolcano that after decades of quiescence re-activated in 1996 and has been highly active ever since. Turrialba is characterized by a highly active magmatic-hydrothermal system, and we propose that hydrothermal sealing and volatile accumulation are the mechanisms responsible for the reactivation and persistent phreatic activity at Turrialba since 2010. Evidence of sealing is found in pyroclastic breccias from phreatic eruptions as high concentrations of hydrothermal minerals coupled with low intrinsic permeability. The suite of volcanic breccias studied erupted from the main vent between 2014 and 2019 and has an alteration mineral assemblage of SiO<sub>2</sub>polymorphs &#177; gypsum &#177; natroalunite &#177; pyrite. The mineral assemblage is indicative of acid sulphate alteration within the advanced-argillic alteration facies characterized by temperatures of approximately 200-350&#176;C as indicated by the presence of gypsum and natroalunite, the high temperature endmember of the alunite series. Acid sulphate alteration is the result of extreme base leaching by acidic fluids (pH<4) with a high sulphate content. Measurements of permeability and porosity yielded variable porosity and very low to non-existent permeability in all hydrothermal breccia samples. Back-scatter electron (BSE) images reveal nano-, micro- and macro-scale fracture networks discontinuously filled with hydrothermal gypsum and pyrite which are responsible for diminished permeability, supporting the conclusion that hydrothermal sealing is active at Turrialba. Diminished permeability associated with the formation of a seal inhibits the escape of gases, causing them to accumulate below the seal and pressurize the system. Eventual seal failure releasing overpressure and possibly dynamic rapid seal formation result in the frequent phreatic eruptions seen at Turrialba.</p>

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Section: Hydrothermal Sealing At Turrialbamentioning

confidence: 91%

“…An increase in CO2/St was again noted in the weeks prior to the eruption on March 8 th , 2015. Along with erratic pre-eruptive gas fluxes, a sudden increase in gas flux after an eruption is believed to be strong evidence for hydrothermal sealing (Christenson and Tassi, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal alteration and sealing at Turrialba as a mechanism for phreatic eruption triggering

Mick¹,

Stix²,

Moor³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Aquatic sources that are found at lower elevations are expected to illustrate a gradient of sulphur values, likely from -10‰ at higher elevations to +10‰ at lower elevations (illustrated in lime green, fig. 6) (Christenson and Tassi 2015). Volcanic lakes also impact the sulphur content of nearby terrestrial sediments, but not to the same extent that has been recorded for sea-sprayed niches adjacent to coastal sources (Hollingsworth 2006).…”

Section: Volcanic Rock and The Rest Of The Andes Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 95%

FULL ISSUE Compass (2017) Volume 1, Issue 1, pp.1-65

Editors¹

2017

SAJA

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Compass aims to navigate its readers through the four exciting fields of Anthropology. Our student journal highlights the exemplary level of academic research in Anthropology at the University of Alberta and elsewhereCompass is published annually as collaboration between the Association of Graduate Anthropology Students (AGAS) and the Department of Anthropology at the University of Alberta. Formerly Diversipede, our student-run publication allows undergraduate and graduate students to share their work and ideas, creating a platform for discussion and knowledge. Submissions consist of original ongoing research, reviews of current anthropological issues, and anything related to an anthropological interest form any of the sub-fields. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/compass The Creative Commons-Attribution License 4.0 International applies to all works published by Compass. Authors will retain copyright of the work. This license lets other distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon work published in Compass, even commercially, as long as there is an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. COMPASS: The Student Anthropology Journal of Alberta A Note from the Editors in Chief,Roughly one year ago Katherine came to Victoria with a proposition to create a student journal. We ended up discussing publishing opportunities and went through our previous experiences. While completing her degrees at Ontario Universities, Katherine was given the opportunity to work on two student journals. She had seen the benefits of students working with the publishing process in a lowstakes environment. Coming from a Dutch University, Victoria never had the opportunity to work with a student journal as it simply was not a practice there, but felt the need and desire to do so. Despite our different backgrounds we both enthusiastically agreed that a student journal would afford students chances to get involved and become better writers.We set out to create a platform that fosters a less stressful and more hands-on publishing environment for everyone. Although our department already had an Anthropology Journal (Diversipede), it was not well known and all of the previous staff had since graduated. We wanted to give the journal a makeover to be inclusive to all members of our department, bring the journal into an open-access forum to reach a larger audience, and format the process to allow more students to get involved. After months of working with our (at that time) small team of volunteers and library liaison, we had a website, a logo, and a growing interest in publishing our first issue. More volunteers came on board and after months of reviews, copyedits, and formatting later, we are proud to introduce our first issue. We sincerely thank all those who helped bring this issue to fruition, and hope that this is the first of many.Although this is the "Anthropology Journal of Alberta", we encourage any student to get involved and welcome any who are interested in submitting their work or becoming revie...

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“…These acidic fluids can form at depth, with no surface expression of their presence or reach the surface through vapor-chimneys to form acidic crater lakes [12,28,64]. These acidic fluids can form at depth, with no surface expression of their presence or reach the surface through vapor-chimneys to form acidic crater lakes [12,28,64].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%