Gaseous Radiation Detectors

Abstract

Widely used in high-energy and particle physics, gaseous radiation detectors are undergoing continuous development. The first part of this book provides a solid background for understanding the basic processes leading to the detection and tracking of charged particles, photons, and neutrons. Continuing then with the development of the multi-wire proportional chamber, the book describes the design and operation of successive generations of gas-based radiation detectors, as well as their use in experimental physics and other fields. Examples are provided of applications for complex events tracking, particle identification, and neutral radiation imaging. Limitations of the devices are discussed in detail. Including an extensive collection of data and references, this book is ideal for researchers and experimentalists in nuclear and particle physics.

The gas electron multiplier (GEM): Operating principles and applications

“…16, from the previous reference, while the strips facing the event collect a charge proportional to the avalanche spread, strips on the side detect a positive signal but no integral charge, as it can be inferred by simple electrostatic considerations (see for example Section 6 of Ref. [2]). …”

“…The main cause of aging is the deposit on the electrodes of thin insulating layers resulting from the polymerization of organic gas molecules in the avalanche process; MWPCs, with their thin anode wires that are easily coated, are particularly affected. For a review of the aging processes see for example [2,4].…”

“…2 The use of CF 4 also requires special precautions, due to the reactivity of the fluorine liberated in the avalanches with water to form HF, one of the most aggressive acids for many materials [77].…”

“…Owing to the development work in many groups, the basic structure evolved and diversified into several more sophisticated devices exploiting the measurement of the collection or drift time of electrons to the anodes, or the recording of the signals induced on cathodes to improve time and space resolutions. For an historical survey of these developments, and a description of the detectors operating performances see for example the author's recently published textbook [2].…”

Drift Chambers Simulations in BM@N Experiment

“…The principle of DCH operation is virtually the same as for any other gaseous coordinate detector utilized in high energy physics [3,4]. Primary charge consisting of electron-ion clusters is left along a charged particle path in DCH gas volume.…”