Gaseous halogens in the atmosphere in 1975

Abstract

From measurements made in the stratosphere and upper troposphere, atmospheric inventories of CCl3F, CCl4, and SF6 are calculated for April and July 1975. Mean Northern Hemispheric altitude profiles Of CCl3F and CCl4 in April 1975 show reasonable agreement with predictions of one‐dimensional diffusion models. From the distribution of these trace gases in the stratosphere, including comparisons with a few 85Kr and tritium measurements, we deduce a stratospheric circulation pattern consistent with patterns of a number of radioactive substances which have been injected into the stratosphere. The observed stratospheric and tropospheric inventories Of CCl3F and SF6 are consistent with an atmospheric residence time of 26 years and discount the existence of an important tropospheric sink.

The history of plutonium and cesium-137 contamination of the Ob River delta sediments

“…From the discussion above we see that the Pu-239,240/Cs-137 ratio in Antarctic Ice Sheet (0.013 - Koide et al, 1979) is in good agreement with the stratospheric average value (0.0126±0.0013 Krey et al, 1975) and also agrees with the average ratios of 0.013 reported by Bowen et al (1971) and -0.012 by Gavini (1978) which was measured in wet and dry fallout deposition at Woods Hole, Massachusetts The Pu-239.240/Cs-137 activity ratio as a function of depth and Pb-210 age in the Ross Ice Shelf. The Cs-137 values are decay corrected to the time of deposition.…”

“…Their value was between 0.005-0.011 averaging at 0.008. Krey et al (1975) reported analyses of the stratospheric particulate samples collected from aircraft in a framework of "Project Airstream" during the early part 1960's; the Pu-239,240/Cs-137 ratio averaged 0.0126.±().0013. It may be assumed that these samples represent the source term for the ground level samples.…”

Atmospheric Concentrations and Inventory of Krypton-85 in 1973

“…Like "3Kr, F-l is an inert gas with no known significant tropospheric sinks and its production and release to the atmosphere have increased rapidly over the past two decades. Krey and Lagomarsino (10), who have analyzed F-l 1 from gas samples taken primarily in the stratosphere of both hemispheres, reported a distribution very similar to that of "sKr presented in Fig. 1.…”

Chlorine budget and partitioning during the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)

“…These studies confirmed the stratospheric loss of CFCs. Since that time numerous studies have measured various halocarbons in the stratosphere [ Krey et al , 1977; Seiler et al , 1978; Goldan et al , 1980; Vedder et al , 1981; Fabian et al , 1981, 1996; Schmidt et al , 1984, 1994; Zander et al , 1987, 1996; Borchers et al , 1987; Heidt et al , 1989; Pollock et al , 1992; Lal et al , 1994; Woodbridge et al , 1995; Lee et al , 1995; Kourtidis et al , 1998; Daniel et al , 1996; Volk et al , 1997; Wamsley et al , 1998; Toon et al , 1999; Ray et al , 1999; Romashkin et al , 1999; Sen et al , 1999; Schauffler et al , 1999; Pfeilsticker et al , 2000]. These measurements have been used to calculate halocarbon budgets and ozone loss and to evaluate lower stratospheric chemistry and dynamics in situ as well as in various models [see WMO , 1985, 1989, 1991, 1995, 1999, and references therein; Kaye et al , 1994].…”