Gas Storage in “Dry Water” and “Dry Gel” Clathrates

Carter, Benjamin O.; Wang, Weixing; Adams, Dave J.; Cooper, Andrew I.

doi:10.1021/la903120p

Cited by 164 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…Recently, the use of Dry Water (DW) was reported by Wang et al [16] to increase the effective interacting area of methane gas molecules with water molecules to achieve high hydrate yield, but the reusability and rigorous preparative conditions associated with the system are the main constraints. Further use of dry gel along with DW offered a limited solution for reusability as the hydrate conversion capability was highly reduced in subsequent freezing and thawing cycles [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Silica: A novel Material for Methane Storage

Chari

Murthy

2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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and available online here Cet article fait partie du dossier thématique ci-dessous publié dans la revue OGST, Vol. 70, n°6, pp. 909-1132 et téléchargeable ici D o s s i e rOil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 70 (2015), No. 6, pp. 909-1132 Copyright © 2015, IFP Energies nouvelles > Editorial -Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Asphaltenes and HydratesÉditorial -EOR «récupération assistée du pétrole», Asphaltènes et Hydrates D. Langevin and F. Baudin ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR) > HP-HT Drilling Mud Based on Environmently-Friendly Fluorinated ChemicalsBoues de forage HP/HT à base de composés fluorés respectueux de l'environnement Abstract -Methane gas storage in the form of Methane Hydrate (MH) in hollow silica was studied and compared with solid silica and pure water systems. The gas hydrate growth/dissociation was monitored by following the pressure (gas intake) -temperature variations in a classical isochoric process. The effect of stirring on the hydrate formation kinetics and yield was clearly evidenced in the case of solid and pure water systems, whereas it did not show any influence in hollow silica; and in fact, the yields remained identical in both stirring and non-stirring experiments. Approximately 3.6 m.mol of methane per gram of water was consumed as MH in the hollow silica matrix and the formation kinetics was extremely fast ($180 min). However, the methane gas conversion into MH in solid silica and pure water systems was $ 10 times higher in a stirred reactor when compared with a non-stirred system.Re´sume´-La silice creuse : un nouveau mate´riau pour le stockage de me´thane -Le stockage de gaz me´thane sous la forme d'hydrate de me´thane (MH, Methane Hydrate) dans de la silice creuse a e´te´e´tudie´et compare´a`un syste`me de silice pleine avec de l'eau pure. La croissance/dissociation de l'hydrate gazeux a e´te´controˆle´e en suivant les variations de pression (admission du gaz) et de tempe´rature dans un processus isochore classique. L'effet de l'agitation sur la cine´tique de formation des hydrates et le rendement a e´te´clairement mis en e´vidence, dans le cas de syste`mes d'eau pure et de silice pleine, tandis qu'il ne pre´sente aucune influence dans la silice creuse ; et en fait, les rendements restent identiques a`la fois dans des expe´riences avec agitation et sans agitation. Environ 3,6 m.mol de me´thane par gramme d'eau ont e´teć onsomme´s sous forme de MH dans la matrice de silice creuse et la cine´tique de formation a e´te´extreˆmement rapide ($180 min). Toutefois, la conversion du me´thane en MH dans le syste`me de silice pleine avec de l'eau pure s'est ave´re´e environ 10 fois supe´rieure dans un re´acteur agite´par rapport a`un syste`me non-agite´.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Silica: A novel Material for Methane Storage

Chari

Murthy

2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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“…of dry water particles decrease. This could be the result of better coverage of fine droplets by silica particles, assuming the solid silica particles would be totally and irreversibly adsorbed at the interface (Carter et al, 2009). This expectation led us to begin our research by studying the effect of silica /water %wt.…”

Section: Observation Of Dry Water Particles By Hrxmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2008 a new application for dry water was patented by Cooper et al (2008) who examined methane and carbon dioxide storage in dry water hydrates (Carter et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2008). It was demonstrated that dry water increases the kinetics (the rate of gas uptake at a constant temperature) of formation of gas hydrates for CO 2 , CH 4 and Kr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is currently significant interest in using gas hydrates for the capture of a range of gases (Carter et al, 2009). CO 2 capture and sequestration (CCS) is an expensive process and the greatest cost of the various available sequestration schemes derives from their CO 2 separation and compression components (Englezos and Lee, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain promoters elevate the hydrate equilibrium temperature at a specified pressure and certain promoters reduce the formation pressure at a particular temperature. Recently, a new application of "dry water" (DW) was patented by Cooper et al (2008) who examined methane and carbon dioxide storage in DW hydrates Carter et al (2009);Wang et al (2008). They prepared DW by mixing water, hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles and air at high speed and demonstrated that this free flowing powder increased the kinetics of formation of gas hydrates for CO 2 , CH 4 and Kr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles

Farhang¹

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CO 2 capture by trapping the greenhouse gas in clathrates hydrates is proving to be one of the promising options for long term carbon storage. This technology is desirable as it can be deposited in the deep ocean where the suitable pressure and temperature is ready without any extra cost. To date, this method has mostly been of academic interest because the formation of gas hydrates is very slow and requires lots of energy and resources. It is important therefore to develop an efficient and economical process to be able to apply this method at an industrial scale. Scientists and researchers have been looking for suitable additives to accelerate the formation of CO 2 hydrate. To meet these objectives numerous additives have previously been tested and several were found to be suitable hydrate promoters. The mechanism for the formation of gas hydrates in the presence of additives is not clear yet. Understanding this mechanism would help us to select and synthesise the most suitable and cost effective additive.In this thesis, two groups of chemicals i.e. salt and hydrophobic particles were added to the hydrate formation reactor and examined. Initially sodium halides were tested for their effect on the kinetics of the formation of CO 2 hydrates in an isochoric system. The effect of different anion types and concentrations was investigated by directly measuring pressure and temperature changes in the reactor and evaluating maximum CO 2 uptake, conversion, storage capacity, induction time, and hydrate growth rate. The results indicated that sodium halides at a concentration of 50 mM (mmol/L) increase CO 2 consumption and conversion to hydrates. In addition, sodium iodide and sodium bromide in a range of concentrations between 50 and 250 mM significantly increased the hydrate formation kinetics. Measurements of the surface potential of CO 2 hydrates formed in the presence of sodium halides showed negative charge on hydrates with the highest zeta potential observed at the concentration of 50 mM. The findings of this part of the research led us to propose a mechanism for the formation of CO 2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides.The second group of additives extensively investigated in the current research were hydrophobic nano-particles. Two types of hydrophobic fumed silica were studied.iii They produced two types of particle stabilised systems when mixed with water (i.e. silica foam and dry water). The influence of particle hydrophobicity and concentration on hydrate formation kinetics was established by monitoring gas consumption, CO 2 conversion and induction time. The morphology, microstructure, and pore characteristics were elucidated by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and the elemental distribution and composition were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that the promoting effect of hydrophobic fumed silica was dependent on the particle hydrophobicity and on the weight ratio of silica to water. The kinetics of CO 2 hydrate formation were ...

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Particle Stabilization of Oil‐in‐Water‐in‐Air Materials: Powdered Emulsions

et al. 2012

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Colloidal particles can be irreversibly adsorbed at fluid interfaces, such as oil-water and air-water interfaces. The particle adsorption leads to stabilization of dispersed systems of two immiscible fluids and particle-stabilized (or Pickering) emulsions and foams can be prepared. [1][2][3][4] These materials show some unique properties as a result of adsorption of the particles at the fluid-fluid interface. One of the striking phenomena is that liquid drops can be dispersed in air with the liquid-air surfaces coated by liquid-repellent particles. When the liquid is water, a water-in-air (w/a) material, named dry water, is produced by aerating water in the presence of extremely hydrophobic silica particles. [5][6][7][8][9] The dry water is a free-flowing powder which can contain significant quantities of water as micron-sized drops. One may imagine that when particle-stabilised emulsions with water as the continuous phase, i.e., oilin-water (o/w) emulsions, are aerated with similar hydrophobic particles, the surfaces between the emulsion drops and air can be encased in the hydrophobic particles and oil-in-water-in-air (o/w/a) materials may be prepared, Figure 1a. However, the preparation requires precise tuning of both the properties of the o/w emulsions and the mixing conditions. We have stabilized o/w/a materials using colloidal particles alone and found that control of the coalescence of oil droplets in o/w emulsions on aeration is crucial in the ability to produce powdered emulsions successfully.Dispersed systems consisting of two immiscible fluids, such as emulsions and foams, are usually prepared using molecular or polymeric surfactants. Colloidal particles also act as emulsifiers and foam stabilizers by adsorbing at oil-water and airwater interfaces and forming armoured layers around drops or bubbles, respectively. [1-3] Such particle-stabilized fluid systems show outstanding stability against coalescence and disproportionation. [1,2,10] The driving force for the adsorption of particles to fluid interfaces is the free energy gain in losing an area of interface obliterated by the particles. The types of material formed depend significantly on the wettability of the particles at the interface, quantified by their three-phase contact angle, θ, measured into the water phase. [1,2] It has been shown that, for mixtures of air and water, relatively hydrophilic particles (θ < 90°) preferably form air-in-water (a/w) materials, that is aqueous foams, while relatively hydrophobic particles (θ > 90°) are required for stabilizing water-in-air (w/a) materials. [5][6][7] The w/a materials are represented by water marbles and dry water. The latter behaves like a free-flowing powder but contains a large amount of water (up to 95 wt.% relative to the total mass) as micron-sized droplets. Dry water can be used as a delivery vehicle in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors but also a Ryo Murakami, * Hiroshi Moriyama, Masahiro Yamamoto, Bernard P. Binks,* and Anaïs Rocher Particle Stabilization of Oil-in-Water-in-Air M...

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Gas Storage in “Dry Water” and “Dry Gel” Clathrates

Cited by 164 publications

References 57 publications

Hollow Silica: A novel Material for Methane Storage

Hollow Silica: A novel Material for Methane Storage

Kinetics of the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles

Particle Stabilization of Oil‐in‐Water‐in‐Air Materials: Powdered Emulsions

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