Gas solubilities in microbial culture media

Schumpe, Adrian; Quicker, G.; Deckwer, Wolf‐Dieter

doi:10.1007/3-540-11699-0_9

Cited by 128 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…The presence of dissolved salts and organics can alter the solubility. The influence of various medium components on the solubility has been investigated by Schumpe et al (1982).…”

Section: Oxygen Transfer In Aerated Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-down and parallel operation of the riboflavin production process with Bacillus subtilis

Knorr

Schlieker²,

Hohmann³

et al. 2007

Biochemical Engineering Journal

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“…The presence of dissolved salts and organics can alter the solubility. The influence of various medium components on the solubility has been investigated by Schumpe et al (1982).…”

Section: Oxygen Transfer In Aerated Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-down and parallel operation of the riboflavin production process with Bacillus subtilis

Knorr

Schlieker²,

Hohmann³

et al. 2007

Biochemical Engineering Journal

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“…Similar differences have been observed previously in shake flasks (unpublished results) and can be attributed to the higher salt concentration used in the sulfite method. A higher salt concentration or ionic strength leads to lower oxygen solubility (17) and lower oxygen transfer coefficients (14, 21) due to smaller diffusion coefficients (1,12). Maximal biomass attainable and evaporation rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a maximum OTR of 38 mmol liter Ϫ1 h Ϫ1 and a filling volume of 500 l, the minimum headspace oxygen concentration was calculated to be 18% (vol/vol). Taking into account the oxygen solubility for our growth media (2.01 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 mol liter Ϫ1 at 25°C [17]), a mass transfer coefficient of 188 h Ϫ1 can be calculated, which is in the range of values (100 to 300 h Ϫ1 ) reported for standard stirred-tank bioreactors with volumes between 0.03 and 50 m 3 (19). Maintenance of a heterogeneous culture collection in a microtiter plate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Intense Aeration, Growth, Storage, and Replication of Bacterial Strains in Microtiter Plates

Duetz

Rüedi

Hermann

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

317

259

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Miniaturized growth systems for heterogeneous culture collections are not only attractive in reducing demands for incubation space and medium but also in making the parallel handling of large numbers of strains more practicable. We report here on the optimization of oxygen transfer rates in deep-well microtiter plates and the development of a replication system allowing the simultaneous and reproducible sampling of 96 frozen glycerol stock cultures while the remaining culture volume remains frozen. Oxygen transfer rates were derived from growth curves of Pseudomonas putida and from rates of oxygen disappearance due to the cobalt-catalyzed oxidation of sulfite. Maximum oxygen transfer rates (38 mmol liter ؊1 h ؊1 , corresponding to a mass transfer coefficient of 188 h ؊1 ) were measured during orbital shaking at 300 rpm at a shaking diameter of 5 cm and a culture volume of 0.5 ml. A shaking diameter of 2.5 cm resulted in threefold-lower values. These high oxygen transfer rates allowed P. putida to reach a cell density of approximately 9 g (dry weight) liter ؊1 during growth on a glucose mineral medium at culture volumes of up to 1 ml. The growth-and-replication system was evaluated for a culture collection consisting of aerobic strains, mainly from the genera Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Alcaligenes, using mineral media and rich media. Cross-contamination and excessive evaporation during vigorous aeration were adequately prevented by the use of a sandwich cover of spongy silicone and cotton wool on top of the microtiter plates.The general practice during screening of large microbial strain collections for new enzyme activities or bioactive compounds is that each strain is handled individually. The labor and time involved in separately reviving the stock cultures on agar plates and the subsequent inoculation of tubes or Erlenmeyer flasks are major limiting factors in the progress of such screening projects. This bottleneck might be alleviated if large numbers of microbial strains could be handled in parallel rather than in sequence, preferably in a format that is compatible with current standards in the manipulation of large numbers of liquid samples, e.g., in 96-or 384-well microtiter plates.Until now, the use of microtiter plates for the growth and maintenance of microbial strains has been mainly limited to clonal libraries in Escherichia coli (9,11,20) and yeasts (2, 18). For this purpose, the apparent drawbacks of growth in microtiter plates-low aeration rates and small working volumesare generally less relevant since E. coli and yeasts can grow anaerobically. Furthermore, small amounts of biomass generally suffice as the use of high-copy-number vectors ensures high levels of the desired gene or gene product. The resulting mixed aerobic-anaerobic growth, however, can lead to undesirable variations in biomass levels from well to well, especially since oxygen diffusion rates for an individual well may be affected by its position in the microtiter plate. Such well-to-well variations are especially troublesome in...

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“…In aqueous phases, CO 2 (g) can dissolve in CO 2 where K depends on the medium and the temperature, and ρCO 2 is the partial pressure of CO 2 in the gas phase (expressed in atm, 1 atm = 10 6 ppm). When the partial pressure of CO 2 is kept constant, CO 2 hydration and dissociation in water is a function of the pH and other factors such as salinity [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Article

Arsène-Ploetze

Bringel

2004

Lait

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-Capnophiles are bacteria stimulated by bicarbonate and CO 2 , the two major forms of inorganic carbon (IC) in physiological neutral liquids. Capnophiles are often pathogenic heterotrophs found in IC-rich ecological niches such as human cavities. Like capnophiles, the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis is stimulated by IC. CO 2 or HC are substrates in carbamoyl phosphate (CP) synthesis and other carboxylation reactions in amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis. When media were supplemented with nucleotides and all the amino acids, potassium bicarbonate still stimulated L. plantarum growth. This suggests that IC may be involved in other aspects of L. plantarum physiology besides its implication as a substrate in carboxylation reactions. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyses the hydration of CO 2 into bicarbonate. Since inorganic carbon stimulated L. plantarum growth, we searched for CA encoding genes in LAB genomes. CA can be classified into three classes according to their protein relatedness: α, β and γ . A class α CA was found in the L. plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus thermophilus, Oenococcus oeni, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. These enterococci harboured a second CA encoding gene belonging to the γ class. No CA encoding gene was found in the Lactococcus lactis genome. These observations are discussed with regard to LAB evolution and ecological niches, which are often rich in IC.Lactic acid bacteria / Lactobacillus plantarum / carbon dioxide / bicarbonate / carbonic anhydrase Résumé -Effet du carbone inorganique sur le métabolisme des bactéries lactiques. Le carbone inorganique est trouvé principalement sous deux formes dans la plupart des milieux biologiques, le CO 2 (sous forme de gaz ou dissous) et le bicarbonate (HC ). Le carbone inorganique stimule ou inhibe la croissance d'un certain nombre d'organismes. Le terme de capnophiles désigne les bactéries dont la croissance est facilitée ou nécessite des concentrations de CO 2 plus élevées que celle de l'air. Ces bactéries à Gram négatif ou positif, chimio-organotrophes hétérotrophes, sont souvent trouvées dans la flore commensale ou pathogène de l'homme, et présentent un métabolisme aérobie strict ou anaérobie facultatif. Comme les capnophiles, les bactéries lactiques sont retrouvées dans divers environnements, souvent enrichis en carbone inorganique (tractus intestinal et vaginal, végétaux en décomposition ou fermentés). Le CO 2 stimule la croissance de certaines bactéries lactiques (Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis) et de bactéries relativement proches phylogénétiquement (Streptococcus pneumoniae). Mais le rôle du carbone inorganique dans le métabolisme de ces bactéries a été très peu étudié. On considérait que l'effet du CO 2 chez ces hétérotrophes s'expliquait par son rôle de substrat dans les réactions de carboxylation. En analysant en détail l'effet du CO 2 et du bicarbonate (HC ) sur sa croissance, nous avons pu proposer que les réactions de carbo...

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Gas solubilities in microbial culture media

Cited by 128 publications

References 63 publications

Scale-down and parallel operation of the riboflavin production process with Bacillus subtilis

Scale-down and parallel operation of the riboflavin production process with Bacillus subtilis

Methods for Intense Aeration, Growth, Storage, and Replication of Bacterial Strains in Microtiter Plates

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