Gas–solid flow behavior in a horizontal pipe after a 90° vertical-to-horizontal elbow

Experimental investigation of dilute turbulent particulate flow inside a curved 90° bend

“…Recently, researchers at Lehigh University had utilized fibreoptic probes in a series of experiments (Akilli et al, 2001;Bilirgen and Levy, 2001;Schallert and Levy, 2000;Levy, 1998, 2001) to study the formation of roping following a 90 • elbow in a pneumatic conveying system. All of their studies involved the use of pulverized-coal particles and a solids mass loading above 0.3.…”

Modification of the inlet to the tertiary air duct in the cement kiln installation

“…The standard k- model is, therefore, valid only for fully turbulent flows (Akili et al 2001). The turbulence kinetic energy, k and its rate of dissipation , are calculated on the basis of the following transport equations (Kuan et al 2007):…”

Three-dimensional CFD study of liquid–solid flow behaviors in tubular loop polymerization reactors: The effect of guide vane

“…The entire flow behaviors described by the solid holdup distributions in the tubular loop reactors are obtained. It is noted that the simulated object is a pilot-plant scale polypropylene loop reactor consisting of loop and axial flow pump with post-guide vane, and some important two-phase flow behavior parameters, such as the turbulent energies, the velocity vectors and the fluid trajectories, are not mentioned, although many flow features, such as the excellent solid mixing, heat and mass transfer properties, can be related to these behavior parameters (Boothroyd, 1971;Akilli et al, 2001;Sheintuch and Nekhamkina, 2004). Furthermore, the influence of adding a guide vane installed on the back of the axial flow pump is also not considered.…”