Gas-solid chromatographic analysis of automobile tailpipe emissions as a function of different engine and exhaust system modifications

Armstrong, Daniel W.; Kang, Le; Reid, George L.; Lee, Shen C.; Beutelmann, Kevin K.; Horak, Mike; Tran, Paul

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)00784-5

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A number of methods have been developed for determination of VOCs concentrations in exhaust gases. The most popular are gas chromatographic methods with different types of sample preparation (dynamic sampling via pumping exhaust through tubes with different types of sorbents [9]), direct sampling with a syringe injection [10], whole air sampling with Tedlar bags [11] and evacuated canisters [12,13], and solid phase microextraction (SPME) (with exposed fiber) [14]) and detection with mass spectrometric (MS) [15], flame-ionization (FID) [16], infrared [17] methods. These methods often require specialized equipment and interface (e.g., to extract and clean evacuated canisters; pumps, sorbent tubes and thermal desorption) that is cost-prohibitive to many potential users to maintain and to work with.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene in internal combustion engine exhaust with time-weighted average solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Baimatova

Kozieł

Kenessov

2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new and simple method for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX) quantification in vehicle exhaust was developed based on diffusion-controlled extraction onto a retracted solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating. The rationale was to develop a method based on existing and proven SPME technology that is feasible for field adaptation in developing countries. Passive sampling with SPME fiber retracted into the needle extracted nearly two orders of magnitude less mass (n) compared with exposed fiber (outside of needle) and sampling was in a time weighted-averaging (TWA) mode. Both the sampling time (t) and fiber retraction depth (Z) were adjusted to quantify a wider range of Cgas. Extraction and quantification is conducted in a non-equilibrium mode. Effects of Cgas, t, Z and T were tested. In addition, contribution of n extracted by metallic surfaces of needle assembly without SPME coating was studied. Effects of sample storage time on n loss was studied. Retracted TWA-SPME extractions followed the theoretical model. Extracted n of BTEX was proportional to Cgas, t, Dg, T and inversely proportional to Z. Method detection limits were 1.8, 2.7, 2.1 and 5.2 mg m(-3) (0.51, 0.83, 0.66 and 1.62 ppm) for BTEX, respectively. The contribution of extraction onto metallic surfaces was reproducible and influenced by Cgas and t and less so by T and by the Z. The new method was applied to measure BTEX in the exhaust gas of a Ford Crown Victoria 1995 and compared with a whole gas and direct injection method.

show abstract