Bismuth oxyhalides, especially bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl), have attracted considerable interest due to their novel properties and extensive applications in heterogeneous catalysis, pigments, nanodevices and nanosensors. [1][2][3][4][5] Recently, the application of BiOCl materials in photocatalysis has been widely demonstrated, and found to exhibit highly efficient capabilities to decompose organic wastewater contaminants. [6,7] Furthermore, it has been shown that their photocatalytic activities greatly depend on the morphology, structure, and exposed planes. [8][9][10][11] Thus, much effort has been devoted to exploring novel synthetic strategies for fabricating both shape-and dimension-controlled BiOCl nanoproducts. More specifically, various BiOCl nanostructures with both high yields and quality, including 0D nanoparticles, 1D nanowires and nanofibers, 2D nanoplates and nanosheets, have been successfully fabricated by diverse techniques and their photocatalytic properties have been extensively explored. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Recently, the rational synthesis of BiOCl 3D hierarchical nanoproducts have become of particular interest because these novel nanostructures assembled with different building blocks exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity as a result of their large surface area and lightharvesting efficiency. [7-9, 18, 19] However, the reported techniques for fabricating well-defined BiOCl 3D hierarchical structures generally suffer from the drawbacks of high temperature, long reaction times, surfactants, and toxic organic solvents, which greatly restrict their further development and practical applications. Thus, the exploration of facile, mild, and effective routes for rational synthesis of 3D BiOCl hierarchical nanostructures may greatly improve their current performance and open up new applications.Herein, we demonstrate a rapid and general in situ oxidation procedure for fabricating 3D flower-like BiOCl hierarchical nanostructures by simply reacting metallic Bi nanospheres and FeCl 3 aqueous solution at room temperature. More specifically, in the presence of Cl À ions, the redox potential of Bi species could effectively be reduced from + 0.308 V (Bi 3 + /Bi vs. SHE) to + 0.16 V (BiOCl/Bi). Thereby, Fe 3 + ions (E 0 Fe 3þ =Fe 2þ = + + 0.771 V) could rapidly oxidize the surface atoms of Bi nanopheres into BiOCl 2D nanofilms and the final 3D hierarchical nanostructures. Moreover, these novel nanosamples exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity and photoelectric property than commercial BiOCl materials. Figure 1 A and B show the typical scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of metallic Bi nanoproducts prepared by solvothermal method; these serve as the starting materials for the subsequent in situ oxidation synthesis of BiOCl nanoproducts. As can be seen, before the oxidation reaction, the Bi nanospheres possess relatively smooth surfaces and an average diameter of about 200 nm. However, when the as-synthesized Bi nanospheres were treated with the aqueous FeCl 3 solution at room tempe...