Gas segregation in a pilot-scale ebullated bed system: Experimental investigation and model validation

Mowla, Amir; Agnaou, Mehrez; Treeratanaphitak, Tanyakarn; Budman, Hector; Abukhdeir, Nasser Mohieddin; Ioannidis, Marios A.

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2023.05.024

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Industries have shown considerable interest in ebullated bed reactors (EBRs), a kind of multi-stage catalytic reactor often used in hydrocracking and hydro-desulfurization of petroleum waste [1]. Effective performance of the EBRs requires a three-phase system with the gas phase consisting of hydrogen and partially vaporized hydrocarbons, the liquid phase being the non-evaporated heavy parts of the hydrocarbon feed, and the solid phase being the catalyst, the physical properties of which cause liquefaction within the reactor [2]. Heavy oil upgrading frequently makes use of ebullated bed reactors for thermally cracking and catalytically hydrogenating atmosphere and vacuum tower waste [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional testing revealed that this first-generation recycling pan produced a stable, gasrich effervescent foam zone at the top of the reactor that extended down into the recycle line, hence enhancing gas re-entrainment and gas hold-up [2,3]. Since then, the industrial design community has come up with next-generation separators that can cut overall gas hold-up by a few percent, which translates to massive gains in liquid feed output [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since hydrodynamics and operating conditions are crucial to the efficiency and performance of EBR used in industrial hydro-processing, it is expedient to investigate the inter-relationship between these operating parameters and the gas hold-up, which is the focus of this study [2]. Besides experimental studies, modelling approaches have been employed to investigate gas hold-up in an ebullated bed reactor based on different conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Analysis of Gas Hold-Up of Two-Phase Ebullated Bed Reactor

Almukhtar,

Yahya,

Mahdy

et al. 2023

ChemEngineering

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Due to the significant increase in heavy feedstocks being transported to refineries and the hydrocracking process, the significance of adopting an ebullated bed reactor has been reemphasized in recent years. The predictive modelling of gas hold-up in an ebullated two-phase reactor was performed using 10 machine learning methods based on support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) in this study. In an ebullated bed reactor, the impacts of three features, namely liquid velocity, gas velocity, and recycling ratio, on the gas hold-up were examined. The liquid velocity has the most impact on the predicted gas hold-up, according to the feature significance analysis. The rotational-quadratic, squared-exponential, Matern 5/2, and exponential kernel functions integrated with the GPR models and the linear, quadratic, cubic, fine, medium, and coarse kernel functions integrated with the SVM model performed well during training and testing, with the exception of the fine SVM model, whose R2 is very low. According to the R2 > 0.9 and low RMSE and MAE values, the rotational-quadratic, squared-exponential, and Matern 5/2 GPR models performed the best.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%