Gas properties, fundamental equations of state and phase relationships

Li, Jingfa; Yu, Bo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824495-1.00004-8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…where i represents, respectively, hydrate (h), methane (g), and water (w); ρ i is the density of each phase, measured in units of.kg/m 3 , where the density of the gas(ρ g ) can be expressed as ρ g = P g M g RT , and M g represents the molar mass of methane gas, which is approximately 16.04 g per mole (g/mol) [21]; S i represents the saturation of each phase, and the relationships between the saturation of each phase can be expressed as s h + s g + s w = 1; φ represents the porosity of the hydrate reservoir, dimensionless;…”

Section: Kinetic Equations For Hydrate Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Wellbore Stability in Deepwater Hydrate-Bearing Formations during Drilling

Sun,

Wen,

Yang

2024

Energies

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Marine gas hydrate formations are characterized by considerable water depth, shallow subsea burial, loose strata, and low formation temperatures. Drilling in such formations is highly susceptible to hydrate dissociation, leading to gas invasion, wellbore instability, reservoir subsidence, and sand production, posing significant safety challenges. While previous studies have extensively explored multiphase flow dynamics between the formation and the wellbore during conventional oil and gas drilling, a clear understanding of wellbore stability under the unique conditions of gas hydrate formation drilling remains elusive. Considering the effect of gas hydrate decomposition on formation and reservoir frame deformation, a multi-field coupled mathematical model of seepage, heat transfer, phase transformation, and deformation of near-wellbore gas hydrate formation during drilling is established in this paper. Based on the well logging data of gas hydrate formation at SH2 station in the Shenhu Sea area, the finite element method is used to simulate the drilling conditions of 0.1 MPa differential pressure underbalance drilling with a borehole opening for 36 h. The study results demonstrate a significant tendency for wellbore instability during the drilling process in natural gas hydrate formations, largely due to the decomposition of hydrates. Failure along the minimum principal stress direction in the wellbore wall begins to manifest at around 24.55 h. This is accompanied by an increased displacement velocity of the wellbore wall towards the well axis in the maximum principal stress direction. By 28.07 h, plastic failure is observed around the entire circumference of the well, leading to wellbore collapse at 34.57 h. Throughout this process, the hydrate decomposition extends approximately 0.55 m, predominantly driven by temperature propagation. When hydrate decomposition is taken into account, the maximum equivalent plastic strain in the wellbore wall is found to increase by a factor of 2.1 compared to scenarios where it is not considered. These findings provide crucial insights for enhancing the safety of drilling operations in hydrate-bearing formations.

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Section: Kinetic Equations For Hydrate Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Wellbore Stability in Deepwater Hydrate-Bearing Formations during Drilling

Sun,

Wen,

Yang

2024

Energies

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“…Cargolux Airlines International also purchases natural gas as part of their energy procurement strategy. Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbon gas (primarily composed of low molecular hydrocarbons) as well as a small number of nonhydrocarbon gases (Li & Yu, 2022). Figure 9 presents Cargolux Airlines International annual natural gas consumption and the associated year-on-year change for the period 2012 to 2020.…”

Section: Cargolux Airlines International Natural Gas Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of a Major All Cargo Airline Energy Management: The Case of Cargolux Airlines International

Baxter¹

2022

IJEAB

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Based on the use of a qualitative longitudinal research design, this study examines Cargolux Airlines International, a major global air cargo airline, sustainable energy management. The study covers the period 2012 to 2020. Cargolux Airlines International energy sources are aircraft (Jet A1) aircraft fuel, diesel, cooling energy, electricity, heating energy, industrial fuel, natural gas, and unleaded gasoline 95. The case study revealed that Cargolux’s Jet A1 fuel consumption has principally exhibited an upward trend reflecting the growth in the airline’s services, route network expansion, and the growth in the aircraft fleet during the study period. Cargolux Airlines International annual cooling energy consumption (kWh) oscillated over the study period reflecting differing cooling requirements. Cargolux Airlines International annual diesel consumption fluctuated quite markedly during the study period reflecting differing vehicle fuel consumption requirements and usage. The case study found that there was a general downward trend in Cargolux Airlines International annual electricity consumption during the period 2012 to 2015, whilst there was a general upward trend in the airline’s electricity consumption from 2016 to 2020. The airline’s annual heating consumption also oscillated over the study period reflecting differing heating requirements. Cargolux Airlines International annual industrial fuel consumption primarily displayed a general downward trend. The airline’s annual natural gas consumption has fluctuated throughout the study period reflecting differing consumption patterns at the airline. Cargolux annual 95 gasoline consumption displayed a general downward trend from 2012 to 2015, and a general upward trend from 2015 to 2020. Throughout the study period, Cargolux Airlines International implemented a range of energy savings measures that enabled the airline to optimize its energy consumption.

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The Joule–Thomson effect of (CO2 + H2) binary system relevant to gas switching reforming with carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Zhang

Gao

Chen

et al. 2023

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Gas properties, fundamental equations of state and phase relationships

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Research on Wellbore Stability in Deepwater Hydrate-Bearing Formations during Drilling

Research on Wellbore Stability in Deepwater Hydrate-Bearing Formations during Drilling

An Examination of a Major All Cargo Airline Energy Management: The Case of Cargolux Airlines International

The Joule–Thomson effect of (CO2 + H2) binary system relevant to gas switching reforming with carbon capture and storage (CCS)

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