Gas-phase reactions of methane and natural-gas with air and steam in non-catalytic regions of a solid-oxide fuel cell

Effect of Ethane and Propane in Simulated Natural Gas on the Operation of Ni–YSZ Anode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

“…Note that such deposits were never observed when cells were operated with pure methane; thus, the deposits were a result of the higher hydrocarbons in the natural gas. Similar carbon deposition has been reported for fuels containing propane and other high molecular weight hydrocarbons and has been explained by hydrocarbon pyrolysis and subsequent gas phase reactions that can produce cyclic hydrocarbons that readily form carbonaceous deposits [16,[24][25][26]. These deposits are frequently referred to as tars.…”

Fundamentals of electro- and thermochemistry in the anode of solid-oxide fuel cells with hydrocarbon and syngas fuels

“…129 The propensity for solid carbon formation has also been examined using equilibrium thermodynamic calculations. 35,121,130 Most thermodynamic analyses use thermochemical properties of graphite to represent the carbon phase because these values are readily available. However, assuming graphitic carbon may not be appropriate for predicting the onset of carbon deposition.…”

A new framework for physically based modeling of solid oxide fuel cells

“…However, there are cases where gas-phase chemistry can occur at the anode, in particular in case of direct feed with higher hydrocarbons. Dean and co-workers have investigated gas-phase chemistry of higher hydrocarbons, and found non-negligible species conversion [62][63][64]. Horiuchi et al have demonstrated SOFC operation with a combustion flame used for fuel partial oxidation, a system inherently involving gas-phase reactions [65][66][67].…”