Gas-Phase Reaction of Halon 1301 (CBrF 3 ) with Propane

Mackie

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The reaction of CCl3F (CFC-11) with CH4 (in an argon bath gas) in a dielectric barrier discharge nonequilibrium plasma was examined. Oxygen and nitrogen were excluded from the feed stream and the reactions resulted in the production of fluorine-containing polymers, as well as a range of gaseous products including H2, HCl, HF, C2H3F, C2H3Cl, C2H2ClF, CHCl2F, CCl2F2, CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and C2Cl4. The polymeric material synthesized during reaction is characterized as being non-cross-linked and random in nature, containing functional groups including CH3, CH2, CHCl, CHF, CF2, and CF3. The conversion level of CCl3F increased from 37% to 63% as the input energy density increased from 3 to 13 kJ L–1 (the applied voltage range was 14.1 to 15.2 kV, peak–peak). The electrical discharge was characterized and found to be a slight modification of filamentary discharge toward a diffuse discharge due to the presence of the relatively low concentration of CCl3F and CH4 (less than 2% each) in argon. A reaction mechanism is proposed describing the formation of gas phase, as well as polymeric products.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Reaction of CCl₃F and CH₄ in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Nonequilibrium Plasma Reactor

Kundu

Mackie

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Gas-phase reactions of halon 1301 with hydrogen, CH4 and C3H8 have been investigated recently by Li et al (8,9) and Yu et al (10). They have reported that hydrodehalogenation of halon 1301 with H2 or CH4 is a promising process for production of CHF3, which can be used as the precursor for production of CF3I (11), a replacement for halon 1301.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Computational Studies of the Gas-Phase Reaction of Halon 1211 with Hydrogen

Uddin

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The gas-phase reaction of halon 1211 (CBrClF2) with hydrogen has been studied experimentally at atmospheric pressure in a plug flow, isothermal reactor over the temperature range of 673 to 973 K, at residence times ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 s with an input ratio of N2:H2:halon 1211 of 19:10:1. The major carbon containing products include CHClF2, CHBrF2, CH2F2, and CH4. Gas-phase reactions of CHClF2, CCl2F2, and CH2F2 with hydrogen are also investigated under the conditions similar to those for halon 1211 hydrodehalogenation, and the results are used to assist in understanding the mechanism of the reaction of halon 1211 with hydrogen. A kinetic reaction scheme involving 90 species and 430 reaction steps is developed and used to model the halon 1211 hydrodehalogenation reaction. Generally, satisfactory agreement between experimental and computational results is obtained for the production of major species. Using the software package AURORA, the reaction pathways leading to the formation of major products are elucidated. It has been found that the reaction steps involving CF2 are responsible for the formation of CH4.

“…A relatively small number of studies on the gas-phase hydrodehalogenation of halons have been reported. [2][3][4][5][6][7] For example, Li et al studied the gas-phase hydrodehalogenation of CBrF 3 (halon 1301) with hydrogen and methane 3,4 and found that these reactions can be used to produce CHF 3 , a precursor for the synthesis of CF 3 I, 8 a promising halon replacement chemical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-Phase and Pd-Catalyzed Hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF₂, CCl₂F₂, CHClF₂, and CH₂F₂

Uddin

et al. 2005

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF 2 , CCl 2 F 2 , CHClF 2 , and CH 2 F 2 with hydrogen has been studied in the gas phase and over supported Pd catalysts in a tubular alumina reactor. During gasphase reactions, selectivity to CH 2 F 2 is low for the hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF 2 , CCl 2 F 2 , and CHClF 2 . CHClF 2 is the primary product for the hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF 2 and CCl 2 F 2 , whereas C 2 F 4 is the major product for the hydrodehalogenation of CHClF 2 . Over Pd/C catalysts, CH 2 F 2 is the primary product, with selectivities generally over 60% for the hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF 2 , CCl 2 F 2 , and CHClF 2 . Halocarbons and hydrogen compete for the available surface sites on Pd, and it is suggested that the rate-limiting step during the catalytic hydrodehalogenation of the four halocarbons involves the cleavage of C-halogen bonds, that is, C-Br in CBrClF 2 , C-Cl in CCl 2 F 2 and CHClF 2 , and C-F in CH 2 F 2 .