Gas phase chemical studies of superheavy elements using the Dubna gas-filled recoil separator – Stopping range determination

Wittwer, David; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Aksenov, N. V.; Albin, Yu. A.; Bozhikov, G. A.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Dressler, R.; Eichler, Robert; Gäggeler, H. W.; Henderson, R. A.; Hübener, S.; Kenneally, J. M.; Lebedev, V. Ya.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Moody, Κ. J.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Petrushkin, O. V.; Polyakov, A. N.; Piguet, D.; Rasmussen, Peter; Sagaidak, R. N.; Serov, Alexey; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Шишкин, С. В.; Sukhov, A. M.; Stoyer, M. A.; Stoyer, Ν. J.; Tereshatov, E. E.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Vostokin, G. K.; Węgrzecki, M.; Wilk, P. A.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.062

Cited by 43 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

104

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A first attempt using physical pre-separation was performed at the Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator (DGFRS), but failed to observe Fl. 30 The question whether Fl resembles more closely a noble gas or a noble metal is among the most pressing ones in concurrent superheavy element chemistry and needs to be solved experimentally in a more sensitive and detailed study. Here, we report on chemical studies of Fl after preseparation with TASCA, which led to the observation of two Fl atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile Metal

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile MetalAccess to the published version may require subscription. Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) is a Volatile MetalAlexander Yakushev †, , Jacklyn M. ABSTRACT: The electron shell structure of superheavy elements, i.e., elements with atomic number Z ≥ 104, is influenced by strong relativistic effects caused by the high Z. Early atomic calculations on element 112 (copernicium, Cn) and element 114 (flerovium, Fl) having closed and quasiclosed electron shell configurations of 6d 10 7s 2 and 6d 10 7s 2 7p 1/2 , respectively, predicted them to be noble gas-like due to very strong relativistic effects on the 7s and 7p 1/2 valence orbitals. Recent fully relativistic calculations studying Cn and Fl in different environments suggest them to be less reactive compared to their lighter homologs in the groups, but still exhibiting a metallic character. Experimental gassolid chromatography studies on Cn have, indeed, revealed a metal-metal bond formation with Au. In contrast to this, for Fl, the formation of a weak bond upon physisorption on a Au surface was inferred from first experiments. Here, we report on a gas-solid chromatography study of the adsorption of Fl on a Au surface. Fl was produced in the nuclear fusion reaction 244 Pu( 48 Ca, 3-4n) 288,289 Fl and was isolated in-flight from the primary 48 Ca beam in a physical recoil separator. The adsorption behavior of Fl, its nuclear α-decay product Cn, their lighter homologs in groups 14 and 12, i.e., Pb and Hg, and the noble gas Rn were studied simultaneously by isothermal gas chromatography and thermochromatography. Two Fl atoms were detected. They adsorbed on a Au surface at room temperature in the first, isothermal part, but not as readily as Pb and Hg. The observed adsorption behavior of Fl points to a higher inertness compared to its nearest homolog in the group, Pb. However, the measured lower limit for the adsorption enthalpy of Fl on a Au surface points to the formation of a metal-metal bond of Fl with Au. Fl is the least reactive element in the group, but still a metal.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile Metal

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, first experiments with element 114 have been performed [15,16]. For a successful design of chemical experiments with transactinides the chemical investigations of their lighter homologues in carrier-free amounts were shown to be instrumental.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography of indium in macroscopic and carrier-free amounts using quartz and gold as stationary phases

Serov

Eichler²,

Dressler

et al. 2011

Radiochimica Acta

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. The chemical investigation of E113 is likely to become soon feasible. The determination of chemical properties of carrier-free amounts of the lighter homologues of element 113, especially indium and thallium, allows designing experimental set-ups and selecting experimental conditions suitable for performing these studies. Here, we present investigations of the interaction of indium species with quartz and gold surfaces. Deposition temperatures as well as enthalpies of adsorption were determined for indium T dep = 739 ± 20• C (−∆H ads (In) = 227 ± 10 kJ mol −1 ) and for indium hydroxide T dep = 250 ± 20• C (−∆H ads (InOH) = 124 ± 10 kJ mol −1 ) respectively, on quartz. In case of adsorption of indium on a gold surface only a lower limit of the deposition temperature was established T dep > 980• C (−∆H ads (In) ≥ 315 ± 10 kJ mol −1 ). Investigations of macroscopic amounts of indium in thermosublimation experiments at similar experimental conditions were instrumental to establish a tentative speciation of the observed indium species.

show abstract

“…It is worthwhile noting that the above mentioned collaboration detected additional atoms of Cn during their element 114 studies [149,249]; one 285 Cn atom was observed [129] after pre-separation with the DGFRS. The deposition temperature of one 285 Cn atom, observed in the course of element 114 studies at the GSI [149], was in good agreement with these earlier observations.…”

Section: Copernicium (Cn Element 112)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this most recent development, which constitutes a breakthrough in SHE chemistry, gasfilled magnetic recoil-separators are applied between the target and the recoil chamber -now commonly termed Recoil Transfer Chamber, RTC [116][117][118]. Pioneering work has been performed at the BGS [113,116,119,120] followed by new developments and experiments at the TASCA [110][111][112][121][122][123], the GARIS [117,[124][125][126][127], which had also been used in combination with an IGISOL system before [128], and the DGFRS [129]. A scheme of such a setup, as used at the GARIS, is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Physical Pre-separatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of superheavy elements

Schädel

2012

Radiochimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. The chemistry of superheavy elements -or transactinides from their position in the Periodic Table -is summarized. After giving an overview over historical developments, nuclear aspects about synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes of these elements, produced in hot-fusion reactions, and their nuclear decay properties are briefly mentioned. Specific requirements to cope with the one-atom-at-a-time situation in automated chemical separations and recent developments in aqueous-phase and gas-phase chemistry are presented. Exciting, current developments, first applications, and future prospects of chemical separations behind physical recoil separators ("pre-separator") are discussed in detail. The status of our current knowledge about the chemistry of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104), dubnium (Db, element 105), seaborgium (Sg, element 106), bohrium (Bh, element 107), hassium (Hs, element 108), copernicium (Cn, element 112), and element 114 is discussed from an experimental point of view. Recent results are emphasized and compared with empirical extrapolations and with fully-relativistic theoretical calculations, especially also under the aspect of the architecture of the Periodic Table.

show abstract

Gas phase chemical studies of superheavy elements using the Dubna gas-filled recoil separator – Stopping range determination

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile Metal

Superheavy Element Flerovium (Element 114) Is a Volatile Metal

Gas chromatography of indium in macroscopic and carrier-free amounts using quartz and gold as stationary phases

Chemistry of superheavy elements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About