Gas-Phase Analysis of Trimethylamine, Propionic and Butyric Acids, and Sulfur Compounds Using Solid-Phase Microextraction

Kim, Hyunook; Nochetto, Cristina; McConnell, Laura L.

doi:10.1021/ac010960j

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The analysis of these very polar organic molecules often requires the use of derivatization, specialized injection methods such as cold on-column or HPLC methods [30,31]. SPME has been applied to the gas-phase analysis of trimethylamine, propionic and butyric acids, and sulfur compounds [32]. In locations where human remains are difficult to access, pigs have been used to train cadaver dogs.…”

Section: Human Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and field experiments used to identify Canis lupus var. familiaris active odor signature chemicals from drugs, explosives, and humans

Lorenzo

Wan

Harper

et al. 2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

199

180

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This paper describes the use of headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography to identify the signature odors that law enforcement-certified detector dogs alert to when searching for drugs, explosives, and humans. Background information is provided on the many types of detector dog available and specific samples highlighted in this paper are the drugs cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxy- N-methylamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy), the explosives TNT and C4, and human remains. Studies include the analysis and identification of the headspace "fingerprint" of a variety of samples, followed by completion of double-blind dog trials of the individual components in an attempt to isolate and understand the target compounds that dogs alert to. SPME-GC/MS has been demonstrated to have a unique capability for the extraction of volatiles from the headspace of forensic specimens including drugs and explosives and shows great potential to aid in the investigation and understanding of the complicated process of canine odor detection. Major variables evaluated for the headspace SPME included fiber chemistry and a variety of sampling times ranging from several hours to several seconds and the resultant effect on ratios of isolated volatile components. For the drug odor studies, the CW/DVB and PDMS SPME fibers proved to be the optimal fiber types. For explosives, the results demonstrated that the best fibers in field and laboratory applications were PDMS and CW/DVB, respectively. Gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC/ECD) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was better for analysis of nitromethane and TNT odors, and C-4 odors, respectively. Field studies with detector dogs have demonstrated possible candidates for new pseudo scents as well as the potential use of controlled permeation devices as non-hazardous training aids providing consistent permeation of target odors.

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Section: Human Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and field experiments used to identify Canis lupus var. familiaris active odor signature chemicals from drugs, explosives, and humans

Lorenzo

Wan

Harper

et al. 2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

199

180

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“…Analytical procedures determining the effectiveness of VOC removal processes and quantifying their emissions to the atmosphere play an important role in such efforts. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Gas chromatography is often used to examine emissions of volatile organic compounds. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]37 To enable the objective evaluation of malodorousness, analytical procedures should aim at the determination of volatile organic compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)

Boczkaj

Kamiński

Przyjazny

2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This article presents the results of investigations on the use of headspace analysis and gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection (HSA-GC-PFPD) to evaluate the effectiveness of oxidation of postoxidative effluents from the production of bitumens. Samples of effluents from the bitumen oxidation unit were used in the experiments. In addition, the kinetics of effluent oxidation was also investigated. The content of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) was determined using HSA-GC-PFPD. The results were correlated with chemical oxygen demand (COD). The changes in concentration of individual volatile sulfur compounds in the course of effluent oxidation were measured, which enabled the determination of the order of the oxidation reactions. The usefulness of the determination of VSCs in the headspace as a reliable technique for evaluating the reduction in emissions of volatile malodorous compounds was demonstrated. The developed method is also useful for process control of the oxidation of postoxidative effluents. The procedure ensures an objective evaluation of the effectiveness of the removal of volatile sulfur compounds from postoxidative effluents. The experimental results revealed that the effectiveness of the oxidation of organosulfur compounds was much higher than that of other classes of organic compounds. Furthermore, the order of oxidation reactions along with the rate constants of thiophenol, p-thiocresol, and hydrogen sulfide were determined. An advantage of the developed procedure is that it can be automated.

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“…Solid-phase microextraction has been employed to clean up and concentrate samples before analysis by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS). [24][25][26] GC/MS is the analytical method of choice for many isotope-dilution tracer studies but requires relatively high tracer enrichment in the biological pool being sampled. Derivatisation is often used to improve sample handling by reducing volatility, and to improve quantitation of fragment ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A streamlined approach to the analysis of volatile fatty acids and its application to the measurement of whole‐body flux

Morrison

Cooper

Waldron

et al. 2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are produced in the human colon by the bacterial breakdown of carbohydrates that escape digestion and absorption in the small intestine. They have important local and systemic effects on gastrointestinal and nutritional functions. Measuring their production is difficult because of inaccessibility of sampling sites and low circulating concentrations. Stable isotope tracer techniques are a way to measure VFA production but require measurement of isotope dilution in blood and other biological fluids. We have developed a streamlined and robust method to measure the concentration and enrichment of [(2)H]-labelled VFAs by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and [(13)C]-labelled VFAs by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Both types of analysis were carried out on the same samples allowing multiple tracer studies to be conducted. Good accuracy and repeatability were found for GC/MS analysis of [(2)H]-labelled VFAs. Careful handling of the background contribution, especially acetate, allowed quantitation of concentration and enrichment within the analysis. GC/C/IRMS analysis of [(13)C] VFAs was also achieved with good accuracy and repeatability. This methodology was used to determine whole-body acetate production in two subjects using multiple tracers ([(2)H(3)]- and [1-(13)C]acetate) and blood and urine sampling. Whole-body acetate flux was similar when measured either with [(2)H(3)]- or [1-(13)C]acetate, and when flux was determined from plasma or urine tracer enrichment. This new method will permit rapid and accurate measurement of VFA flux using [(2)H]- and/or [(13)C]-labelled VFAs as tracers. Measurements of the contribution of colonic VFA production to whole-body VFA flux are now possible.

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Gas-Phase Analysis of Trimethylamine, Propionic and Butyric Acids, and Sulfur Compounds Using Solid-Phase Microextraction

Cited by 47 publications

References 37 publications

Laboratory and field experiments used to identify Canis lupus var. familiaris active odor signature chemicals from drugs, explosives, and humans

Laboratory and field experiments used to identify Canis lupus var. familiaris active odor signature chemicals from drugs, explosives, and humans

Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)

A streamlined approach to the analysis of volatile fatty acids and its application to the measurement of whole‐body flux

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