Gas phase alkylation of biomass-derived m-cresol with iso-propanol over zinc modified HY zeolite: Elucidating reaction mechanism and kinetics including deactivation

Synthesis of (−)‐menthol: Industrial synthesis routes and recent development

“…In contrast, mostly O‐alkylated products were observed with not impregnated Al‐MCM‐41 at lower temperatures. Afreen et al have reported the vapour phase alkylation of m ‐cresol with isopropanol over various zeolites 27–29 and zinc aluminates 30 . Good results were achieved with Zn‐exchanged Y zeolite, as the catalyst with the highest acid density and Lewis acid strength, with up to 75% thymol selectivity.…”

Kinetic Study on Microwave-Assisted Oligomerization of 1-Decene over a HY Catalyst

“…Mahajani and Kamal (2020) formulated microkinetic equations for the oligomerization of aldehyde over cation exchange resins. Their experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model, indicating that the adsorption rate of the reactant was proportional to the concentration of vacant sites [15][16][17][18]. Another unique characteristic of zeolite catalyst is the formation of branch molecules from the isomerization reaction that causes reduction of the product pour point [19].…”

“…The NMR analysis was focused in the chemical shift range of 5 to 50 ppm, representing the carbon and hydrocarbon configurations, respectively. The values of branching ratio and short-chain were calculated by using the peak areas of the C 13 -NMR spectra, as shown in Equations ( 3) and (4) [16].…”

Csp2–H functionalization of phenols: an effective access route to valuable materials via Csp2–C bond formation

“…(a) Alkylation of phenol with i PrOH Zn-HY modified zeolite catalysts. 94 (b) Alkylation of phenol with t BuOH supported ionic liquid catalysts. 95 (c) Alkylation of phenol with t BuOH metal oxide catalysts (SnO 2 , TiO 2 and ZrO 2 ).…”

“…Upadhyayula and coworkers reported the gas phase alkylation of m -cresol with iso-propanol to thymol over a solid acidic catalyst. 94 The best results were achieved using a zinc-modified HY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor at 250 °C, yielding a 92% conversion of m -cresol, with 71% selectivity toward thymol. Mechanistic and kinetic investigations were conducted confirming that the mechanism for this reaction consists first in the dehydration of iso-propanol to propylene and water, either directly or through di-isopropyl ether.…”