Gas permeability, wettability and morphology of gas diffusion layers before and after performing a realistic ex-situ compression test

Aldakheel, Fahad; Ismail, M.S.; Hughes, Kevin J.; Ingham, D.B.; Ma, Lin; Pourkashanian, Mohamed; Cumming, Denis J.; Smith, Rachel M.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.109

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Gostick et al 48 reported a value of

8.99 \times 10^{- 12}

m 2 for Toray TGP‐H‐90, and Mangal et al 47 reported a value of

8 \times 10^{- 12}

m 2 for Toray TGP‐H‐90 in the through‐plane direction for samples with 0% PTFE compared with the 5% PTFE loading in the samples used in this investigation, which would probably explain the reduction in permeability as shown in Table 2. Aldakheel et al 52 reported the through‐plane gas permeability of Toray TGP‐H‐90 with 5% PTFE loading to be

6.62 \times 10^{- 12}

m 2 . Unsworth et al 54 reported that there is a common misconception of Toray GDLs sharing a uniform microstructure, independent of manufactured thickness; however, based upon the through‐plane porosity distributions of Toray TGP‐H‐60 and Toray TGP‐H‐120, it was shown that the latter was formed through compression of two plies of the former.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The investigations presented in this paper focus on the through-plane gas permeability. There have been several experimental investigations into the gas permeability of the PEFC porous layers 1,3,19,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] ; however, very few 1,19 have looked at the effect of MPL composition on through-plane gas permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of composition and structure of gas diffusion layer and microporous layer on the through‐plane gas permeability of PEFC porous media

Neehall

Ismail

Hughes

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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The through-plane permeability of the gas diffusion media (GDM) is investigated experimentally with regard to the microporous layer (MPL) composition and the gas diffusion layer (GDL) composition and structure. The MPL composition is held constant at 80% carbon powder and 20% polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) (by weight) for various carbon loadings. The decrease or increase in GDM permeability was found to be dependent on the structure of the GDL used in conjunction with the type of carbon powder. It was found that low-surface-area carbon powder (Vulcan XC-72R) forms thin, dense MPLs with small cracks when compared to high-surface-area powder (Ketjenblack EC-300J), which creates thick, rough MPLs with large cracks with increased carbon loadings. For most cases, the permeability decreases with increasing carbon loading; however, the non-woven, straight fibre carbon papers using Ketjenblack EC-300J show the lowest permeability at the lowest carbon loading. Furthermore, the percentage reduction from the GDL substrate permeability appears to be predictable for similar structures with increasing carbon loading. The increase in PTFE loading from 10% to 30% in the GDL was shown to have a significant impact on the percentage reduction from the original GDL permeability of $9% to 15% for the GDM composed of Vulcan XC-72R as carbon powder; however, such effects are insignificant when using Ketjenblack EC-300J carbon powder.

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“…Gostick et al 48 reported a value of

8.99 \times 10^{- 12}

m 2 for Toray TGP‐H‐90, and Mangal et al 47 reported a value of

8 \times 10^{- 12}

6.62 \times 10^{- 12}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of composition and structure of gas diffusion layer and microporous layer on the through‐plane gas permeability of PEFC porous media

Neehall

Ismail

Hughes

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Uncoated GDLs show the least reduction in thickness and gas permeability after compression. [19] Coated GDLs(SGL 24BA, 10BA, 34BC, 35BC SGL 35BC shows substantially much higher reduction in thickness and gas permeability compared to SGL 34BC.…”

Section: Type Of Gdls Compression Conditions Key Findings Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Clamping Compression on the Mechanical Performance of a Carbon Paper Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2022

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During all the assembly stages of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, gas diffusion layers (GDLs) endure clamping loads in the through-plane direction several times. Under such complicated assembly conditions, GDLs have to deform with the changes in structure, surface roughness, pore size, etc. A comprehensive understanding of the compressive performance of GDLs at different clamping phases is crucial to the assembly process improvement of PEMFCs. Two typical clamping compression was designed and performed to get close to the actual assembly conditions of PEMFCs. The results indicate that the initial clamping compression and the magnitude of the maximum clamping load have great impacts on the segmented compressive properties of GDLs. The nonlinear compressive performance of the GDL is mainly attributed to the unique microstructural information. The rough surface morphology contributes to the initial compressive characteristics where the big strain along with the small stress occurs, and the irreversible failures such as carbon fiber breakages and adhesive failures between fibers and binders account for the hysteresis between different compression stages. Importantly, it is found that the clamping compression hardly influences the small pore distribution below 175 μm but affects the large pore distribution over 200 μm.

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“…[38] Key challenges for the self-supported air electrodes is to simultaneously satisfy the requirements of high catalytic activity, high electronic conductivity, decent electrolyte permeation, efficient mass transfer, and mechanical stability under operating conditions. [39][40][41][42] Therefore, multiscale and systemic design principles have been exploited from both electrocatalyst design and electrode engineering. In this review, the latest advancements in self-supported air electrode for flexible ZABs are summarized, with special focus on the systematic engineering of an air electrode from the micro-and nanoscale activity regulation for electrocatalyst to the macro-and mesoscale structural engineering of charge/mass transport network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries with Self‐Supported Air Electrodes

Yang

Shu

Pan

et al. 2021

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The compelling demand for higher energy performance, flexibility, and miniaturization is the main driving force of the energy storage and conversion industry's quest for flexible devices based on new integration and fabrication process. Herein, the recent advances on the development of flexible zinc–air batteries based on self‐supported air electrodes are summarized, focusing on the multiscale and systematic design principles for the design of flexible air electrodes. With the electrocatalytic activity regulation and structural engineering strategies, the rational design of self‐supported air electrodes is discussed in integrated devices to underpin the good flexibility for wearable requirement. The perspectives on promising developments of flexible zinc–air batteries and the accumulated knowledge from other flexible devices are also addressed for promoting the advances on flexible zinc–air batteries.

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Gas permeability, wettability and morphology of gas diffusion layers before and after performing a realistic ex-situ compression test

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of composition and structure of gas diffusion layer and microporous layer on the through‐plane gas permeability of PEFC porous media

Effect of composition and structure of gas diffusion layer and microporous layer on the through‐plane gas permeability of PEFC porous media

Effect of Clamping Compression on the Mechanical Performance of a Carbon Paper Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Toward Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries with Self‐Supported Air Electrodes

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