Gas–particle concentration and characterization of sources of PAHs in the atmosphere of a suburban area in Athens, Greece

Vasilakos, Christos; Levi, Noam; Maggos, Thomas; Hatzianestis, I.; Michopoulos, John G.; Helmis, C. G.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.047

Cited by 114 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…6). A positive slope of 5113.6 obtained for Flu indicated that this compound was under the influence of freshly emitted PAHs, while a negative slope of -5095.9 obtained for Phe indicated the influence of volatilization of PAHs from soil, road dust and atmospheric particles (Sitaras et al, 2004;Vasilakos et al, 2007;Gaga et al, 2012). Table 1 presents the correlations between the gas and particle phase PAHs and temperature (T), wind speed (WS), relative humidity (RH) and criteria air pollutants at site A4.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations Of Pah Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of Two Subtropical Cities in Southeast China: Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning

Yang

Wang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in the gas and particle phase from four sites in two cities, Quanzhou and Xiamen, in Southeast China during January (winter), March (spring), August (summer) and November (fall) 2010. The total concentration in the gas phase ranged from 10.7 ± 2.4 to 507.8 ± 57.0 ng/m 3 , while in the particle phase between 1.4 ± 0.5 and 46.5 ± 19.1 ng/m 3 . The levels of total PAHs (gas + particle) were lower than those recorded for Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou in China. The seasonal variations of particle phase PAHs were similar to those cities, with high levels in fall-winter and low levels in spring-summer. However, much higher levels of gas phase PAHs were found in summer. Results of correlation studies illustrated that total suspended particle concentrations, ambient temperature and atmospheric mixing height had significant impact on the concentrations of atmospheric PAHs and accounted for the observed seasonal variations. Phenanthrene and fluorine were the most abundant compounds in the urban atmosphere during the sampling period, accounting for approximately 38.9 ± 12.4 and 15.3 ± 6.9%, respectively, of the total PAHs. A good positive relationship was obtained in the log-log plot of K p (the gas to particle partitioning coefficient) against P 0 L (the sub-cooled vapor pressure) with a shallow slope (from -0.836 to -0.6742) greater than -1. Potential sources of PAHs were investigated using diagnostic ratios, which reflected the major sources such as vehicular emissions and coal combustion, although other sources such as direct emissions from industrial activities and evaporation from urban soil and road dust also contributed. The cancer risk from residential oral exposure to atmospheric PAHs in Quanzhou was higher than that in Xiamen, which was much higher than the US EPA risk management criterion (1 × 10 -6 ) during the fall-winter sampling period.

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Section: Seasonal Variations Of Pah Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of Two Subtropical Cities in Southeast China: Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning

Yang

Wang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Physico-chemical behavior of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been extensively investigated in most cities worldwide during the past few years (Dachs et al, 2002;Bartkow et al, 2004;Ciganek et al, 2004;Dallarosa et al, 2005a, b;Fang et al, 2005;Schnelle-Kreis et al, 2005;Pongpiachan, 2006;Wang et al, 2006;Vasilakos et al, 2007;Pongpiachan, 2013a, b;Pongpiachan et al, 2013a, b). PAHs are a group of organic compounds that are generated during the incomplete burning of lignite (Liu et al, 2012), fuels (Lu et al, 2012), volcanic eruption (Schwandner et al, 2013), biomass (Sanchis et al, 2014), garbage (Chen et al, 2013), or other organic substances, such as tobacco (Chalbot et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk of PM2.5 Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) before and after the Wildland Fire Episode

Pongpiachan

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In Northern Thailand, wildland fire during cold period releases large amounts of smoke and fine particles into the atmosphere. The fine particles include several persistent organic compounds such as PAHs. In this study, PM 2.5 -bound PAH concentrations in the air of nine administrative provinces, namely Chiang-Mai, Chiang-Rai, Nan, Phayao, Mae Hong Son, Phrae, Lampang, Lamphun, Uttaradit (N Thailand) were determined during the wildland fire and non-wildland fire seasons. The monitoring strategy comprised two campaigns in each season. PM 2.5 was collected using MiniVolTM portable air samplers (Airmetrics) with quartz fibre filters. Both PAHs and their B[a]P Equivalent concentrations of other urban cities around the world were significantly higher than those of northern provinces for both seasons. The average cancer risks observed at nine administrative provinces were 8.525 × 10 -4 ± 3.493 × 10 -3 and 2.558 × 10 -3 ± 6.986 × 10 -3 for ingestion rate of 50 and 100 mg day -1 , respectively. The excess cancer risks of world cities for ingestion rate of 50 and 100 mg day -1 were much higher than those of Northern Thailand for 851 and 567 times in that order. Dust ingestion was exceedingly critical to non-dietary PAH exposure in comparison with PM 2.5 inhalation. These results are in good agreement with those of previous studies, underlining the significance of indoor air quality on long-term adverse respiratory diseases in Asian cities.

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“…(Murray and Singh, 1997;Kamens et al, 1985;Raja and Valsaraj, 2006;Kwamena et al, 2004;Perraudin et al, 2007a,b;Beltran et al, 1995Beltran et al, ,, 1999Kahan et al, 2006). Three-ring member phenanthrene exists mainly in gas phase in ambient air (May and Wise, 1984;Niles and Tan, 1989;Arey et al, 1987;Helmig and Harger, 1994;Vasilakos et al, 2007) because of its high vapor pressure at room temperature (1.6 Â 10 À2 Pa, 298 K, Osborn and Douslin, 1975). Kinetic studies and product identifications of gas-phase phenanthrene reactions with atmospheric oxidants were carried out by many groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone

Zhang

Yang

Meng

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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a b s t r a c tThe reactions of gas-phase phenanthrene and suspended phenanthrene particles with ozone were conducted in a 200l chamber. The secondary organic aerosol formation was observed in the reaction of gas-phase phenanthrene with ozone and simultaneously the size distribution of the secondary organic aerosol was monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer during the formation process. The particulate ozonation products from both reactions were analyzed with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer. 2,2 0 -Diformylbiphenyl was identified as the dominant product in both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone. GC/MS analysis of ozonation products of phenanthrene in glacial acetic acid was carried out for assigning time-of-flight mass spectra of reaction products formed in the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone.

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Gas–particle concentration and characterization of sources of PAHs in the atmosphere of a suburban area in Athens, Greece

Cited by 114 publications

References 27 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of Two Subtropical Cities in Southeast China: Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of Two Subtropical Cities in Southeast China: Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning

Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk of PM2.5 Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) before and after the Wildland Fire Episode

Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of phenanthrene with ozone

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