Gas-free initiators for high-temperature free-radical polymerization

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionally Gradient Materials Obtained by Frontal Polymerization

“…Aliquat persulfate (APS) was synthesized according to the literature. 52 Peristaltic pumps (model NE-9000) were purchased from New Era Pump System Inc., which also supplied the software for computer control and for generating the pump program. The pumps were equipped with PERI-HEAD-KIT-YG4 for high precision dispensing, with PharMed Tubing 1/16 in.…”

Frontal Polymerization

“…Studies on the velocity dependence on temperature and initiator concentration have been performed [43,58,59]. FP in solution was performed [57], and initiators that do not produce gas were developed [60]. The velocity can be affected by the initiator type and concentration but is on the order of a few centimeters per minute for monofunctional acrylates and as high as 20 cm min −1 for multifunctional acrylates [60].…”

Frontal polymerization synthesis and characterization of Konjac glucomannan‐graft‐acrylic acid polymers

“…Porous structure enhanced the capillary action and inner‐surface area that was beneficial to the water absorption. As for the causes of the porous structure, Masere et al summarized that there are three sources of bubbles in free‐radical polymerization reactions: initiators decomposition, dissolved gases, and evaporated water 7. In series of studies on the starch‐ graft ‐AA hydrogel synthesized by FP, the porous structure was considered to be derived from evaporated water 34, 36, 38.…”

“…The most commonly used chemistry is free‐radical polymerization. The researches paid attentions to the dependence of the FP behavior on the monomer and initiator concentration for many systems, such as tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with benzoyl peroxide,5 two multifunctional acrylate monomers, 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate and trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, with Lupersol 231 as the initiator,6 and 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) in DMSO with different persulfates and quaternary ammonium persulfates as free‐radical initiators for high‐temperature polymerization 7. Recently, Mariani et al who dedicated many papers on this topic8–12 proposed a new class of initiators based on ionic liquid compounds that result in lower temperature polymerization fronts in the frontal radical polymerization 13…”