Gas exchange rates and sucrose concentrations affect plant growth and production of flavonoids in Vernonia condensata grown in vitro

Fortini, Evandro Alexandre; Batista, Diego Silva; Mamedes-Rodrigues, Talita Cristina; Felipe, Sérgio Heitor Sousa; Correia, Ludmila Nayara Freitas; Chagas, Kristhiano; Silva, Priscila Oliveira; Rocha, Diego Ismael; Otoni, Wagner Campos

doi:10.1007/s11240-020-01981-5

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Starch is a high polymer of glucose, which can be hydrolysed by amylase to glucose; however, the photoassimilates are transported in the form of nonreducing sugars (sucrose), which are subsequently catalysed to glucose and fructose by a series of enzymes ( Yadav et al, 2013 ). These carbohydrates constitute the primary photosynthetic products from source to reservoir that continuously transport C and energy to plant flavonoid biosynthesis ( Fortini et al, 2021 ; Geiger et al, 2010 ; Hara et al, 2003 ). Plant photosynthesis is less sensitive to N limitations than growth, which means that carbohydrate accumulations may exceed the growth requirements, resulting in more accumulation of specialized metabolites ( Shiwakotia et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen variation affects flavonoid accumulation in the leaves of Coreopsis tinctoria

Jiang

Yan

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Flavonoids are phytochemicals present in medicinal plants and contribute to human health. Coreopsis tinctoria, a species rich in flavonoids, has long been used in traditional medicine and as a food resource. N (nitrogen) fertilization can reduce flavonoid accumulation in C. tinctoria. However, there is limited knowledge regarding N regulatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of N availability on flavonoid biosynthesis in C. tinctoria and to investigate the relationship between C (carbon) and N metabolism coupled with flavonoid synthesis under controlled conditions. C. tinctoria seedlings were grown hydroponically under five different N levels (0, 0.625, 1.250, 2.500 and 5.000 mM). The related indexes of C, N and flavonoid metabolism of C. tinctoria under N variation were measured and analysed. N availability (low and moderate N levels) regulates enzyme activities related to C and N metabolism, promotes the accumulation of carbohydrates, reduces N metabolite levels, and enhances the internal C/N balance. The flavonoid content in roots and stalks remained relatively stable, while that in leaves peaked at low or intermediate N levels. Flavonoids are closely related to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and chalcone-thioase (CHS) activity, significantly positively correlated with carbohydrates and negatively correlated with N metabolites. Thus, C and N metabolism can not only control the distribution of C in amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways but also change the distribution in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, which also provides meaningful information for maintaining high yields while ensuring the nutritional value of crop plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen variation affects flavonoid accumulation in the leaves of Coreopsis tinctoria

Jiang

Yan

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…In this study, the A. imperialis plants had φP0 values greater than 0.78, meaning there was no sign of photoinhibition at 56 d of growth, irrespective of Se treatments. Besides no changes in these parameters, the plants also had similar values of W L, VK, FK/FJ, FV/F0, and WK, together denoting no damage to the functional and structural integrity of the thylakoid membranes and in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) (Oukarroum et al 2009, Zhang et al 2018, Faseela et al 2020, Martins et al 2020b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The modulation factors can have a negative impact on plant growth while still inside the in vitro containers, by inducing physiological disorders. Plants cultured in vitro can suffer from nonfunctional stomata, reduced water-use efficiency, and deficiencies in photosynthetic performance (Martins et al 2018, Fortini et al 2021, Shekhawat et al 2021. These morphophysiological characteristics can compromise the final micropropagation step, known as acclimatization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic apparatus performance and anatomical modulations of Alcantarea imperialis (Bromeliaceae) exposed to selenium during in vitro growth

Martins¹,

Moreira²,

Braga³

et al. 2021

Photosynt.

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Ft -fluorescence at time t after the beginning of actinic illumination; FV/F0 -ratio of the de-excitation rate constants for photochemical and nonphotochemical events; OEC -oxygen-evolving complex; PItotal -total performance index, which measures the performance up until the final electron acceptors of PSI; RC/CSm -total number of PSII active reaction centers; Sm/tFmax -average fraction of open RC in the period of 0 to tFmax (time of maximum fluorescence production); VI -relative variable fluorescence at 30 ms (step I); VJ -relative variable fluorescence at 2 ms (step J); VK -relative variable fluorescence at 0.3 ms (step K); WK -the damage to OEC; WL -indicates disturbance in the thylakoid membranes, reducing the energetic connectivity between the PSII units; δR0 -efficiency/probability with which an electron from the intersystem electron carriers moves to reduce end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side (RE); φD0quantum yield of energy dissipation (at t = 0); φE0 -quantum yield of electron transport (at t = 0); φP0 = FV/Fm -maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry of PSII reaction center (at t = 0); φR0 -quantum yield of reduction of end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side (RE); ψR0 -efficiency/probability by which electrons move from PSII to the PSI acceptor side.

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“…Hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua grew better in a BCB than in the mist bioreactor and in shaken flasks [ 21 , 54 ] while ginsenosid content in hairy root cultures of Panax quinquefolium was two times higher in bioreactors than in shaken Erlenmeyer flasks [ 55 ]. Recently, Fortini et al [ 44 ] have also highlighted that the increase in gas exchange rates and sucrose supplementation are efficient strategies for obtaining Vernonia condensata plants with both higher biomass and production of flavonoids. V. condensata showed higher photosynthetic performance when grown under conditions of greater gas exchange, regardless of sucrose supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production system optimization required that multiple G. dinarica hairy root lines should be included as the yield of the desired products could vary significantly among them [ 43 ]. The cultivation conditions also considered the variation of sucrose content in the growth media and supply of oxygen since they can strongly affect hairy root biomass and secondary metabolite accumulation [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthones Production in Gentiana dinarica Beck Hairy Root Cultures Grown in Simple Bioreactors

Vinterhalter

Banjac

Vinterhalter

et al. 2021

Plants

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The hairy root clones of Gentiana dinarica cl-B, cl-D, cl-3, and cl-14 were cultivated in parallel in diverse simple bioreactors, including temporary immersion systems RITA® (TIS RITA®), bubble column bioreactors (BCB), and Erlenmeyer flasks (EF), and evaluated for biomass production and xanthone content. The obtained results showed that TIS RITA® and BCB containing ½ MS medium with 4% sucrose provided equally good growth conditions in which the majority of the clones displayed the higher percentage of dry matter (DM%), and xanthones norswertianin-1-O-primeveroside (nor-1-O-prim) and norswertianin production than those cultivated in EF. Thin and well branched hairy root clone cl-B grown in BCB for 7 weeks was superior regarding all growth parameters tested, including growth index (19.97), dry weight (2.88 g), and DM% (25.70%) compared to all other clones. Cl-B cultured in TIS RITA® contained the highest amount of nor-1-O-prim (56.82 mg per vessel). In BCB with constant aeration, cl-B accumulated the highest norswertianin content reaching 18.08 mg/vessel. The optimized conditions for cultivation of selected G. dinarica hairy root clones in highly aerated TIS RITA® and BCB systems contribute to the development of bioreactor technology designed for the large scale commercial production of xanthones nor-1-O-prim and norswertianin.

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Gas exchange rates and sucrose concentrations affect plant growth and production of flavonoids in Vernonia condensata grown in vitro

Cited by 21 publications

References 65 publications

Carbon and nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen variation affects flavonoid accumulation in the leaves of Coreopsis tinctoria

Carbon and nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen variation affects flavonoid accumulation in the leaves of Coreopsis tinctoria

Photosynthetic apparatus performance and anatomical modulations of Alcantarea imperialis (Bromeliaceae) exposed to selenium during in vitro growth

Xanthones Production in Gentiana dinarica Beck Hairy Root Cultures Grown in Simple Bioreactors

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