Gas Exchange during Xylazine–ketamine Anesthesia in Neonatal Calves

Blaze, C. A.; Holland, Robert E.; Grant, A.L.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.1988.tb00295.x

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine, has been applied as an anaesthetic compound during both normal birth and Caesarean section in different species, rays (Danneman and Mandrell, 1997), monkeys (Eng et al, 1975), calves (Blaze et al, 1988) and lambs (Lafond et al, 1987). Several studies have been aimed at assessments of potential neurobehavioural deficits (e.g., Hodgkinson et al, 1977;1978a,c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperactivity following postnatal NMDA antagonist treatment: Reversal by D-amphetamine

Fredriksson

Archer

2003

neurotox res

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Three experiments were performed to study the effects of neonatal administration of glutamate receptor antagonists, on either Day 11 (dizocilpine = MK-801, 3 x 0.5 mg/kg, s.c., injected at 0800, 1600 and 2400 h) or Day 10 (Ketamine, 1 x 50 mg/kg, s.c., or Ethanol-Low, 1 x 2.5 mg/kg, or, Ethanol-High, 2 x 2.5 mg/kg, s.c., with 2-h interval) to male mice pups, on spontaneous motor behavior, habituation to a novel situation and D-amphetamine-induced activity in the adult animals. Mice administered MK-801 showed initial hypoactivity followed by hyperactivity over the later (20-40 and 40-60 min) periods of testing. Mice administered Ketamine and Ethanol-High similarly displayed an initial hypoactivity followed by hyperactivity over the later time (20-60 min) of testing. Habituation to the novel activity test chambers was reduced drastically in the MK-801 mice compared with vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, mice administered Ketamine and Ethanol-High displayed too drastically reduced habituation behavior. The low dose of D-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg) reduced the hyperactivity of neonatal MK-801-treated mice, particularly from 30-60 min onwards, and elevated the activity level of the vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, the low dose of D-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg) reduced the hyperactivity of neonatally Ketamine-treated and Ethanol-High-treated mice, particularly from 30-60 min onwards, and elevated the activity level of the respective vehicle-treated mice. Fluoro-jade staining per mm(2) regional brain tissue of MK-801 mice pups expressed as percent of vehicle mice pups showed also that the extensiveness of staining was markedly greater in the parietal cortex, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and lesser so in the laterodorsal thalamus. Ketamine-treated mice showed cell degeneration mainly in the parietal cortex, whereas the Ethanol-High mice showed marked cell degeneration in both the parietal and laterodorsal cortex. The present findings that encompass a pattern of regional neuronal degeneration, disruptions of spontaneous motor activity, habituation deficits and reversal of hyperactivity by a low dose of D-amphetamine suggest a model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder that underlines the intimate role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the developing brain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperactivity following postnatal NMDA antagonist treatment: Reversal by D-amphetamine

Fredriksson

Archer

2003

neurotox res

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“…Although much research is available about AFB 1 in pigs, most of these reports are focused on acute toxicity following the consumption of high doses of AFB 1 , which is characterized by body weight reduction, liver and kidney injuries, and immunosuppression [12][13][14][15]. Actually, dietary AFB 1 levels could be very low due to taking good care of dietary ingredients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Pigs

Yuan

Yan

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to low levels of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and intestinal health in pigs. In a 102-day experiment, fourteen barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire, initial BW = 38.21 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into control (CON, basal diet) and AFB1 groups (the basal diet supplemented with 280 μg/kg AFB1). Results revealed that the AFB1 exposure decreased the final BW, ADFI and ADG in pigs (p < 0.10). AFB1 exposure also decreased the apparent total tract digestibility of dry mater and gross energy at 50 to 75 kg and 105 to 135 kg stages, and decreased the apparent total tract digestibility of ether extract at 75 to 105 kg stage (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, AFB1 exposure increased serum diamine oxidase activity and reduced the mRNA abundance of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1, solute carrier family 7 member 1 and zonula occluden-1 in the jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AFB1 exposure decreased superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05) and increased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine content (p < 0.10) in jejunal mucosa. AFB1 exposure also increased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β mRNA abundance in jejunal mucosa and upregulated Escherichia coli population in colon (p < 0.05). The data indicated that chronic exposure to low levels of dietary AFB1 suppressed growth performance, reduced the apparent total tract digestibility and damaged intestinal barrier integrity in pigs, which could be associated with the decreased intestinal antioxidant capacity and the increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

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“…PaCO 2 was increased to 60 ± 4 mmHg, while PaO 2 was decreased to 57 ± 11 mmHg within 15 min compared to baseline values of 46 ± 4 mmHg and 85 ± 8 mmHg, respectively. The HR and MAP were lowered after the initial injection of XYL‐KET and continued to decline up to 45 min (Blaze et al, 1988). The efficacy of XYL administered via different routes (IM, subcutaneous (SC), intranasal (IN)) was evaluated in Holstein neonatal calves (Ede et al, 2019).…”

Section: Alpha2‐adrenergic Agonists In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

Abouelfetouh

Salah

Ding

et al. 2021

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Alpha2‐adrenergic agonists have been implicated in the development of pulmonary edema (PE) and sustained hypoxemia that lead to life‐threatening pulmonary distress in ruminants, especially with sensitive and compromised animals. Recently, there is limited understanding of exact mechanism underlying pulmonary alterations associated with α2‐adrenergic agonist administration. Ruminants have a rich population of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) in the pulmonary circulation, which may be involved in the development of pulmonary alveolo‐capillary barrier damage. Hence, the central thesis of this review is overviewing the literatures regarding the systemic use of α2‐adrenergic agonists in domestic ruminants, focusing on their pulmonary side effects, especially on the influence of PIMs on the lung. At this moment, further studies are needed to provide a clear emphasis and better understanding of the potential role of PIMs in the lung pathophysiology associated with α2‐adrenergic agonists. These preliminary studies would be potentially to develop future medications and intervention targets that may be helpful to alleviate or prevent the critical striking pulmonary effects, and thereby improving the safety of α2‐agonist application in ruminants.

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Gas Exchange during Xylazine–ketamine Anesthesia in Neonatal Calves

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Hyperactivity following postnatal NMDA antagonist treatment: Reversal by D-amphetamine

Hyperactivity following postnatal NMDA antagonist treatment: Reversal by D-amphetamine

Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Pigs

Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

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Gas Exchange during Xylazine–ketamine Anesthesia in Neonatal Calves

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Hyperactivity following postnatal NMDA antagonist treatment: Reversal by D-amphetamine

Hyperactivity following postnatal NMDA antagonist treatment: Reversal by D-amphetamine

Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Pigs

Application of α2‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

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Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants