Gas exchange and water relations of three Vitis vinifera L. cultivars growing under Mediterranean climate

Abstract

Optical characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, and starch, rates of gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence, and leaf water relations were analysed in three Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, Tinto Cão (TC), Touriga Nacional (TN), and Tinta Roriz (TR), grown in Mediterranean climate. Chl content was significantly lower in TC than in TN and TR leaves, while the Chl a/b ratio was higher. TR had the lowest net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and contents of soluble sugars and starch than TN and TC. In spite of low Chl content, TC showed the lowest photon absorbance and the highest photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2. TC had the lowest predawn and midday leaf water potential. The capability for osmotic adjustment was similar among cultivars and the calculated modulus of elasticity was higher in TC leaves. The typical lighter green leaves of TC seemed to be an adaptive strategy to high irradiance and air temperature associated to water stress.

Grapevine abiotic stress assessment and search for sustainable adaptation strategies in Mediterranean-like climates. A review

“…Pressure chamber measurements can provide values of predawn leaf water potential, daily leaf and stem water potential, and can be performed in open-field or at laboratorial environments (Choné et al 2001b). The evaluation of bulk leaf water relations parameters, mainly the capability for osmotic adjustment, and the maximum bulk modulus of elasticity of cells, is an important tool which can be also monitored with this equipment through the development of pressure-volume curves (Rodrigues et al 1993;Moutinho-Pereira et al 2007).…”

“…The physiological processes of grapevine initiate when the average temperature is around 10°C; however, above 35°C, plants start triggering adaptation mechanisms (Ferrandino and Lovisolo 2014). The most pronounced effects of summer stress on plant physiology comprise the decrease of photosynthetic rates by photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) and reduction in stomatal conductance (Moutinho-Pereira et al 2007;Pinheiro and Chaves 2011;Dinis et al 2015). Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the primary protective mechanism against photoinhibition, involving xanthophylls for the dissipation of excessive non-radiative energy (Hendrickson et al 2004).…”

An overview of climate change impacts on European viticulture

“…), although some varieties may be more tolerant than others (Schaffer and Andersen ; Moutinho‐Pereira et al. ). Grapevines growing under severe heat stress experience a significant decline in productivity, due to stomatal and mesophyll limitations in photosynthesis (Moutinho‐Pereira et al.…”

“…Extreme heat or heat weaves may also permanently affect vine physiology and Eichorn and Lorenz (1977) and Magalhães (2008). yield attributes (Kliewer 1977;Mullins et al 1992), although some varieties may be more tolerant than others (Schaffer and Andersen 1994;Moutinho-Pereira et al 2007). Grapevines growing under severe heat stress experience a significant decline in productivity, due to stomatal and mesophyll limitations in photosynthesis (Moutinho-Pereira et al 2004), as well as injures under other physiological processes (Berry and Bjorkman 1980).…”

Variable Response of Leaf Temperature, Tissue Density and Greenness of 'Michele Palieri (Vitis vinifera L.) to Water Stress Under Different Rootstock Effects

“…play a significant role in explaining plant adaptation to water stress (Boyer et al, 1997;Cameron et al, 2006). Significant differences among V. vinifera have been reported in these characteristics (Moutinho-Pereira et al, 2007). Grapevine is generally considered a 'drought-avoiding' species, with an efficient stomatal control over transpiration (Schultz 2003).…”