Gas evolution in a flow-assisted zinc–nickel oxide battery

Ito, Y.; Nyce, Michael; Plivelich, Robert F.; Klein, Martin; Banerjee, Sanjoy

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.03.025

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Indeed, the kinetics and reversibility of the zinc and iron couples on the carbon felt electrode can satisfy the needs of practical applications, promoting little research on electrode materials for the alkaline zinc–iron flow battery. Hence, the investigation on electrodes, and positive electrode materials in particular, has mainly focused on alkaline single zinc–nickel and air flow batteries since the kinetics of nickel hydroxide and oxygen electrodes is relatively sluggish, which reduce the energy conversion efficiencies. The mismatch in kinetic activations between the positive and negative redox couples on the electrodes can result in zinc accumulation at the negative side, further affecting the battery's cycle life …”

Section: Advanced Materials For Zinc‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

et al. 2019

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stability and efficiency of the electric grid to portable electronic devices as well as supplying backup power in districts with limited grid connectivity or in off-grid applications, [4][5][6][7] are an effective approach to address these issues.Among the numerous electrochemical energy storage techniques, flow batteries (FBs) are well suited for energy storage because of their perfect combination of high safety, high efficiency and flexibility. [8][9][10] A flow battery realizes the transformation of chemical energy into electric energy through the oxidation and reduction reactions of redox couples stored in electrolytes that typically circulate through the anode and cathode, which are normally separated by an ionconducting membrane. [11] Compared with other battery systems such as lithium-based batteries and lead-based batteries, the power of a flow battery is determined by the size and number of cell stacks, while the energy or capacity of the battery depends on the concentration and the volume of the redox couples in the electrolytes. [12] Hence, the power and energy or capacity of a flow battery can be designed independently, [13] allowing the power of a flow battery to range from the 100 kW to the 100 MW level and the energy of a flow battery to range from the 100 kWh to the 100 MWh level. [14] Normally, the electrolyte of a flow battery consists of an aqueous solution, which endows the technology with high safety and minimal potential risk of fire or explosion. These advantages of flow battery technologies make such devices very suitable for energy storage applications.As a representative flow battery technology, the vanadium flow battery (VFB) has long been considered as one of the most mature technologies and is currently at the commercial demonstration stage. [8,15] However, some limitations and challenges, e.g., the relatively high cost [16] and low energy density, still need to be overcome to realize its industrialization. Recently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring and developing novel flow battery technologies with low costs and high energy densities, e.g., zinc-based flow batteries (ZFBs), [17][18][19][20][21] polymer-based flow batteries, [22][23][24] and quinone-based flow batteries. [25][26][27][28] These newly developed flow battery technologies have demonstrated promise for energy storage applications, although most are still in development in the lab.Zinc-based flow batteries (ZFBs) are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications because of their high energy density and low-cost advantages. Nevertheless, their wide application is still confronted with challenges, which are mainly from advanced materials. Therefore, research on advanced materials for ZFBs in terms of electrodes, membranes, and electrolytes as well as their chemistries are of the utmost importance. Herein, the focus is on the scientific understandings of the fundamental design of these advanced materials and their chemistries in relation to the battery performance. The principles of using different...

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Section: Advanced Materials For Zinc‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

et al. 2019

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“…But these additives usually increase the overpotential for zinc deposition and reduce the storage efficiency. Further, the hydrogen evolution is another issue especially under high current densities [19]. This evoluted gas reduces energy efficiency and makes zinc particles peeling off without reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high power density single flow zinc–nickel battery with three-dimensional porous negative electrode

Cheng

Zhang

Lai

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

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“…192,193 Optimization of electrolytes, Zn morphology, and current collectors were done to improve the overall performance. [193][194][195][196] Zn is also used as an electrode in other RFBs and has been paired with bromine, 197 polyhalides, 198 cerium, 199,200 and polymer suspensions. 149 All-copper RFB based on reactions shown in Eqs.…”

Section: A Transition Metal Active Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article: Flow battery systems with solid electroactive materials

Koenig

2017

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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Energy storage is increasingly important for a diversity of applications. Batteries can be used to store solar or wind energy providing power when the Sun is not shining or wind speed is insufficient to meet power demands. For large scale energy storage, solutions that are both economically and environmentally friendly are limited. Flow batteries are a type of battery technology which is not as well-known as the types of batteries used for consumer electronics, but they provide potential opportunities for large scale energy storage. These batteries have electrochemical recharging capabilities without emissions as is the case for other rechargeable battery technologies; however, with flow batteries, the power and energy are decoupled which is more similar to the operation of fuel cells. This decoupling provides the flexibility of independently designing the power output unit and energy storage unit, which can provide cost and time advantages and simplify future upgrades to the battery systems. One major challenge of the existing commercial flow battery technologies is their limited energy density due to the solubility limits of the electroactive species. Improvements to the energy density of flow batteries would reduce their installed footprint, transportation costs, and installation costs and may open up new applications. This review will discuss the background, current progress, and future directions of one unique class of flow batteries that attempt to improve on the energy density of flow batteries by switching to solid electroactive materials, rather than dissolved redox compounds, to provide the electrochemical energy storage.

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Gas evolution in a flow-assisted zinc–nickel oxide battery

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

A high power density single flow zinc–nickel battery with three-dimensional porous negative electrode

Review Article: Flow battery systems with solid electroactive materials

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