Gas Electron Multipliers for Potential Applications to Digital Radiography

Investigation of the Intrinsic Spatial Resolution of an Intensified EMCCD Scintillation Camera

“…A review of some recent developments in small animal SPECT instrumentations was given by Meikle [5]. These developments have benefited from recent advances in gamma ray sensor technologies, which include the high resolution CZT focal plane detector developed at the University of Arizona [6], [7], the multi-pixel Hybrid PhotoDiode (M-HPD) developed at CERN [8], [9], the double-sided silicon strip sensors developed by Peterson et al [10], the silicon drift diode (SDD) array developed by Fiorini et al [11], [12], the Medipix (2) based hybrid pixel sensors developed at CERN [13], [14], EMCCD based mini gamma camera developed by de Vree et al [15], Heemskerk et al [16], Nagarkar et al [17], [18] and Teo et al [19], the GEM based photon sensors coupled to scintillation materials [20], [21], the intensified EMCCD cameras developed by Meng et al [1], [2], the scientific CCD based ultrahigh resolution photon sensors[22], the large area multi-channel plate (MCP) based detectors [23], [24], the avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors reported by Yatsu et al [25] and Shah et al [26], and the solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) reported by Stapels [27] etc. Some of these developments have pushed the intrinsic detector resolution to well below a hundred micrometers for detecting 27–140 keV gamma rays.…”