Gas diffusion electrode setup for catalyst testing in concentrated phosphoric acid at elevated temperatures

Wiberg, Gustav K. H.; Fleige, Michael; Arenz, Matthias

doi:10.1063/1.4908169

Cited by 52 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Only few efforts exist that combine a simple setup with a more realistic environment [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Here, we demonstrate how our recently introduced gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup [30][31][32] can be used for benchmarking the stability of high surface PEMFC catalysts under realistic reaction conditions. Gas diffusion electrode setups have very recently received increasing attention allowing one to combine the ease of use known from electrochemical three-electrode setups and liquid aqueous environments with reaction conditions closer to applications [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Testing fuel cell catalysts under more realistic reaction conditions: accelerated stress tests in a gas diffusion electrode setup

et al. 2020

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Gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setups have very recently received increasing attention as a fast and straightforward tool for testing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of surface area proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) catalysts under more realistic reaction conditions. In the work presented here, we demonstrate that our recently introduced GDE setup is suitable for benchmarking the stability of PEMFC catalysts as well. Based on the obtained results, it is argued that the GDE setup offers inherent advantages for accelerated degradation tests (ADT) over classical three-electrode setups using liquid electrolytes. Instead of the solid-liquid electrolyte interface in classical electrochemical cells, in the GDE setup a realistic three-phase boundary of (humidified) reactant gas, proton exchange polymer (e.g. Nafion) and the electrocatalyst is formed. Therefore, the GDE setup not only allows accurate potential control but also independent control over the reactant atmosphere, humidity and temperature. In addition, the identical location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM) technique can easily be adopted into the setup, enabling a combination of benchmarking with mechanistic studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Testing fuel cell catalysts under more realistic reaction conditions: accelerated stress tests in a gas diffusion electrode setup

et al. 2020

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“…Another important (and correlated) factor is mass transport. The TF-RDE is limited to low current densities due to the low gas solubility in the electrolyte 11 12 13 . Therefore, it is often assumed that in such extremely thin catalyst layers ( ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method

Inaba¹,

Quinson²,

Bucher³

et al. 2018

JoVE

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We present a step-by-step tutorial to prepare proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) catalysts, consisting of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on a high surface area carbon, and to test their performance in thin film rotating disk electrode (TF-RDE) measurements. The TF-RDE methodology is widely used for catalyst screening; nevertheless, the measured performance sometimes considerably differs among research groups. These uncertainties impede the advancement of new catalyst materials and, consequently, several authors discussed possible best practice methods and the importance of benchmarking.The visual tutorial highlights possible pitfalls in the TF-RDE testing of Pt/C catalysts. A synthesis and testing protocol to assess standard Pt/C catalysts is introduced that can be used together with polycrystalline Pt disks as benchmark catalysts. In particular, this study highlights how the properties of the catalyst film on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode influence the measured performance in TF-RDE testing. To obtain thin, homogeneous catalyst films, not only the catalyst preparation, but also the ink deposition and drying procedures are essential. It is demonstrated that an adjustment of the ink's pH might be necessary, and how simple control measurements can be used to check film quality. Once reproducible TF-RDE measurements are obtained, determining the Pt loading on the catalyst support (expressed as Pt wt%) and the electrochemical surface area is necessary to normalize the determined reaction rates to either surface area or Pt mass. For the surface area determination, so-called CO stripping, or the determination of the hydrogen underpotential deposition (Hupd) charge, are standard. For the determination of the Pt loading, a straightforward and cheap procedure using digestion in aqua regia with subsequent conversion of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) and UV-vis measurements is introduced.

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“…Preliminary efforts to overcome O 2 diffusion limitations in liquid electrolyte cells have been undertaken, for instance, by Kucernak and co-workers employing a so-called "floating electrode" setup [89] and by Arenz and colleagues with a gas diffusion electrode setup for high temperature and pressure characterizations. [90] Overall, it is undoubted that this complementary analytical toolbox will remain essential for the development of more efficient catalysts. In turn, the observation registered with new, advanced materials will still prompt the formulation of innovative techniques, nourishing the synergy between these two areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Methodologies to Understand Degradation of Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells: Advances and Opportunities

et al. 2016

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The development and application of advanced experimental tools is a major driving force in modern electrocatalysis. This is particularly true for stability studies with nanostructured oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells. Indeed, our understanding of the catalyst degradation mechanisms could not have been achieved without the arsenal of analytical tools developed over the last decades. This contribution aims at highlighting the value of such a multi-faceted analytical toolbox. Several classes are examined: from techniques applied for dissolution studies with bulk electrodes, to ex situ and in situ investigations with model high-surface-area catalysts. Finally, electrochemical and imaging methods employed to characterize catalyst layers are presented. The respective features, advantages, problems and possible future developments are discussed

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Gas diffusion electrode setup for catalyst testing in concentrated phosphoric acid at elevated temperatures

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Testing fuel cell catalysts under more realistic reaction conditions: accelerated stress tests in a gas diffusion electrode setup

Testing fuel cell catalysts under more realistic reaction conditions: accelerated stress tests in a gas diffusion electrode setup

On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method

Experimental Methodologies to Understand Degradation of Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells: Advances and Opportunities

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