Gas Damage to Plants

Thomas, Moyer D.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.02.060151.001453

Cited by 121 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Visible symptoms of oxidant injury were first recorded in crops, ornamentals and wild species in California, USA in the 1940s (Thomas, 1951). Bobrov (1955) mentioned eight weed species, including Poa annua, as being conspicuously sensitive to oxidants, commenting that ' hardly a blade can be found growing in this area free of smog-damage markings '.…”

Section: Visible Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ozone on wild plants

1998

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Although there is a great deal of concern about the effects of human activities on biodiversity, until recently there has been very little interest in the effects of ozone on the species that constitute the major part of the flora, the diverse herbaceous and shrubby species of natural and semi-natural communities. However, many wild species have been shown to be at least as sensitive to ozone as crops that show significant yield losses, so there is a pressing need for an evaluation of the risk to wild species posed by ozone. This review attempts to assess progress and highlight problems. It begins with a comment on semantics, discusses the difficulties involved in measuring relative ozone resistance and then proceeds to consider the effects of ozone on growth and resource allocation. The evidence for evolution of resistance is appraised and then the potential effects of several interactions (cutting\grazing, competition, soil water deficit and nutrition) are considered. The review ends with some remarks on observation of oxidant-induced changes in ecosystems.

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Section: Visible Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ozone on wild plants

1998

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“…It is iiKeiy u^al^ uom ^ A u ^ ^u mechanisms exist to cope with the pollutant. The first type render harmless the SO, as it IS absorbed, most usually by oxidation to sulphate (Thomas, 1951), and hence acute injury is prevented. Miller and Xerikos (1979) have shown that soybean cultirsIokraTof acute injury oxidized sulphite in the leaves more…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies ON THE TOLERANCE TO SULPHUR DIOXIDE OF GRASS POPULATIONS IN POLLUTED AREAS

1982

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SUMMARYGenotypes of Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata and Holcus lanatus which appeared to be differentially sensitive to acute or chronic SOj injury were compared in various morphological and physiological studies to examine some possible mechanisms of tolerance. Stomatal number and size showed no relationship with tolerance, but stomatal resistance in clean air showed a relationship with intra-and interspecific differences in tolerance to acute injury. Also, acute doses of SOj increased stomatal resistance in tolerant, but not in sensitive species.Membrane permeability was increased by acute doses of SO2, but there were no differential effects which could be related to tolerance. Uptake of ^^COg by leaf segments in buffered solution was reduced in the presence of sulphite to a greater extent in genotypes of Lolium perenne sensitive to chronic injury. Prefumigation for 13 months with a low concentration of SOj increased the sensitivity to sulphite, especially in the sensitive genotypes.The species tolerant of acute SO2 injury, Dactylis glomerata and Holcus lanatus, had lower rates of '^COg fixation than sensitive species, and were affected less by sulphite. There were no relationships between prefumigation or sensitivity to chronic injury and the uptake or oxidation of sulphite in three Lolium perenne genotypes. Species sensitive to acute injury absorbed morê^S Oj than tolerant species. Oxidation of the absorbed radioactivity was fastest in the most tolerant and slowest in the least tolerant species.It is concluded that many of the differential responses to acute injury can be explained by avoidance mechanisms. Some potential mechanisms of tolerance to chronic injury are discussed.

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“…The appearance of the field damage is characteristic and has been repeatedly described (5,8,9). It was also possible to produce this same damage with oxidation products of hydrocarbons plus ozone and auto exhaust plus ozone.…”

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confidence: 80%

“…Similarly, van Overbeek et al (13) have shown that the antiauxin trans-cinnamic acid, at a concentration which is nontoxic in the absence of auxin, causes toxicity symptoms in the presence of relatively high auxin concentrations. Leopold and Klein (9), who supposed that an antiauxin should antidote the inhibitory effects of high auxin concentrations have, however, reported that such growth inhibition is alleviated by maleic hydrazide, a compound which is at least qualitatively an antiauxin (9,10,12). The supposition that sufficiently high auxin concentrations should overcome antiauxin effects has also been made by Audus and Shipton (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%