Gas Cleaning

Rhyner, Urs

doi:10.1002/9781119191339.ch3

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Other common impurities include nitrogen-containing species such as ammonia or hydrogen cyanide. At the high temperatures of the steel production processes, nitrogen oxides NO x can be formed, which have to be removed from the exhaust gases, whereas at lower temperatures, NH 3 can be adsorbed at catalyst sites, reducing the catalyst activity [28]. Halogens (HCl, HF, and HBr) are also contained in the off-gases and are known to cause corrosion and poison catalysts.…”

Section: Impurities and Gas Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterwards, the contained halogens (HCl, HF, etc.) are removed using inexpensive sorption materials such as NaHCO3 (Nahcolite) or Trona (Na2CO3-NaHCO3-2H2O) [28]. For instance, in the case of nahcolite, HCl is removed in the form of NaCl, whereas H2O and CO2 are also formed, according to the following reaction: NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2.…”

Section: Impurities and Gas Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane

et al. 2021

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The steel industry is among the highest carbon-emitting industrial sectors. Since the steel production process is already exhaustively optimized, alternative routes are sought in order to increase carbon efficiency and reduce these emissions. During steel production, three main carbon-containing off-gases are generated: blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and basic oxygen furnace gas. In the present work, the addition of renewable hydrogen by electrolysis to those steelworks off-gases is studied for the production of methane and methanol. Different case scenarios are investigated using AspenPlusTM flowsheet simulations, which differ on the end-product, the feedstock flowrates and on the production of power. Each case study is evaluated in terms of hydrogen and electrolysis requirements, carbon conversion, hydrogen consumption, and product yields. The findings of this study showed that the electrolysis requirements surpass the energy content of the steelwork’s feedstock. However, for the methanol synthesis cases, substantial improvements can be achieved if recycling a significant amount of the residual hydrogen.

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Section: Impurities and Gas Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impurities and Gas Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane

et al. 2021

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“…In fact, methane must be reformed with steam at high temperature in an endothermic reaction. This creates difficulties in the integration with the gas cleaning [33], which has to be operated at lower temperature than the steam reformer. Therefore, the process chain to bio-H2 can be implemented only if external heat is available (e.g.…”

Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from Flexible Biofuel Synthesis: Concepts, Potentials, Technologies

Moioli¹,

Schildhauer²

2021

Preprint

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This review reports the available technologies for the flexible utilization of biomass towards negative CO2 emissions and addresses the possibility to couple biogas production plants with the electrical grid converting excess electrical energy into storable chemical molecules. This changed mind-set towards biomass utilization can lead readily to the implementation of negative CO2 emission along the entire bioenergy supply chain without limiting the potential for Power-to-X applications. First, the technologies for direct conversion of waste and wood into gaseous energy carriers are screened, to highlight the potential for the production of renewable fuels. Second, the processes for the removal of CO2 from biogenic gas streams are analysed in terms of technological performance, cost and further potential for the CO2 recovered. These technologies are the key to pre-combustion CO2 capture and negative emissions. Third, the possibility of coupling biomass conversion and synthetic fuels production is explored, providing an overview on the technical maturity of the various energy storage processes. The flexible use of biomass can be an essential part of the future CO2-free energy systems, as it can directly provide energy carriers all around the year and also large quantities of climate-neutral carbon for the production of synthetic fuels with renewable energy. In turn, when no additional renewable electricity is available, the CO2 by-product from biofuel synthesis can be used for the negative emissions. This opens the way to an efficient strategy for the seasonal storage of electrical energy, realizing a carbon-neutral energy system coupled with the development of carbon-negative energy strategy.

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Gas Cleaning

Cited by 2 publications

References 142 publications

Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane

Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane

Negative CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from Flexible Biofuel Synthesis: Concepts, Potentials, Technologies

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