Gas chromatography/chemical ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis of anabolic steroids: ionization and collision‐induced dissociation behavior

Abstract

AAS have been divided into three groups according to their ionization behavior and into seven groups according to their CID behavior. Correlations between fragmentation and structure were revealed and fragmentation pathways were postulated.

Rapid and sensitive determination of multiple endocrine‐disrupting chemicals by ultrasound‐assisted in situ derivatization dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

“…The unit for the water sample was ng/L, and the units for solid samples were ng/g. Some LODs corresponded to the instrumental method and other LODs in the table corresponded to the developed method.…”

“…The advantages of integrating derivatization with GC/MS and LC/MS/MS analysis include improvement of selectivity and separation, enhancement of ionization efficiency, improvement of structural elucidation, and decrease in endogenous interference . The most widely used derivatization reagents in GC/MS analysis of EDCs are N,O ‐bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), BSTFA with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), N ‐methyl‐ N ‐(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr), acetic anhydride (AA), and MSTFA/ethanethiol/NH 4 I . Besides, several derivatization reagents have also been applied in the LC/MS/MS analysis of EDCs, such as dansyl chloride (DNS‐Cl), pyridine‐3‐sulfonyl chloride, and 10‐methylacridone‐2‐sulfonyl chloride (MASC) .…”

Efficient approach for the detection and identification of new androgenic metabolites by applying SRM GC‐CI‐MS/MS: a methandienone case study

“… Step 1Based upon the most common metabolic pathways of steroids in human, a list of theoretically potential metabolites is generated. Step 2For all these theoretical metabolites, the expected precursor ion ([M + H] + for most compounds; [M + H] + , [M + H − 90] + and [M + H − 180] + for diols without an oxo function) and the expected product ions are theoretically derived. This selection of precursor ions and product ions is based on the correlation between AAS structure and fragmentation behavior, as clarified in detail in a previous publication . Based on these transitions, a SRM GC‐CI‐MS/MS method is set up.…”

Doping control analysis of anabolic steroids in equine urine by gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

“…The authors have reported an LC‐MS screening method incorporating a derivatization step with the use of a pyridine‐carboxylate analogue, picolinic acid, for the detection of over 30 anabolic steroids in equine urine . The recent development in fast‐scanning gas‐chromatography‐triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) has provided a better alternative with a significant reduction in chemical noise by means by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) . The use of GC‐MS/MS fills in the gap for doping analysis of anabolic steroids which exhibits low sensitivity by GC‐MS or low ionization efficiency under ESI by LC‐MS.…”