Formation of C–N containing compounds from plasma-catalytic
coupling of CH4 and N2 over various transition
metals (Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, and Au) is investigated using a multimodal
spectroscopic approach, combining polarization-modulation infrared
reflection–absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and optical emission
spectroscopy (OES). Through sequential experiments utilizing CH4 and N2 nonthermal plasmas, we minimize plasma-phase
reactions and identify key intermediates for C–N coupling on
metal surfaces. Results show that simultaneous CH4 and
N2 exposure with plasma stimulation produces surface C–N
species. However, N2–CH4 sequential exposure
does not lead to C–N species formation, while CH4–N2 sequential exposure reveals the presence of
CH
x
surface species and CN radical species
as key precursors to C–N species formation. From further analysis
using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass
spectrometry, the influence of exposure conditions on the degree of
nitrogen incorporation and the nature of C–N species formed
were revealed. The work highlights the importance of surface chemistry
and exposure conditions in surface C–N coupling with plasma
stimulation.