Gas Chromatography

Abstract

This review of the fundamental developments in gas chromatography (GC) includes articles published from 1996 and 1997 and an occasional citation prior to 1996. The literature was reviewed principally using CA Selects for Gas Chromatography from Chemical Abstracts Service, and some significant articles from late 1997 may be missing from the review. In addition, the online SciSearch Database (Institute for Scientific Information) capability was used to abstract review articles or books. As with the prior recent reviews, emphasis has been given to the identification and discussion of selected developments, rather than a presentation of a comprehensive literature search, now available widely through computer-based resources. During the last two years, several themes emerged from a review of the literature. Multidimensional gas chromatography has undergone transformation encompassing a broad range of activity, including attempts to establish methods using chromatographic principles rather than a totally empirical approach. Another trend noted was a comparatively large effort in chromatographic theory through modeling efforts; these presumably became resurgent with inexpensive and powerful computing tools. Finally, an impressive level of activity was noted through the themes highlighted in this review, and this was particularly true with detectors and field instruments.

Signal convolution indicates chromatographic pulse flow and open-end flow

“…Although the mechanisms are different, both theories are important in describing and understanding the chromatographic phenomenon [15]. The injection of small volumes of chemical species into a pipe with transport media such as gases [5,16], liquids [15] or mixtures of gases and liquids [17] produces peaks of similar shapes, as observed by appropriate detection units [18]. Chromatographic peaks even resemble those of flow through pipes without chromatographic columns where injected volumes do not undergo separations [19,20].…”

“…The retention mechanisms of gas chromatography produce Gaussian-shaped distributions by the longitudinal diffusion of solute molecules that move over distances of m through coiled open-tube columns [16,22,23]. Significant tailing and peak skewness are observed for most types of chromatographic peaks, which is attributed to column overload or inhomogeneities of the column [24].…”

High resolution quantitative multi-species hydrocarbon gas sensing with a cw external cavity quantum cascade laser based spectrometer in the 6–11 μm range

“…These include the detection of atmospheric composition change [1,2], pipeline gas leak detection [3], exhaled breath analysis [4,5] and especially the quantification of alkane mixtures in process streams [6][7][8] of the petrochemical industry. In the latter example gas chromatographs are the most widely employed technology for process analysis by decomposing the gas stream while measuring the concentration of each constituent [9]. But in contrast to spectroscopic systems GCs are dependent on sophisticated and cost-intensive calibration systems making research on other approaches for mulit-species gas analysis worthwhile.…”

Quantitative Structure–Retention Relationship (QSRR) Study for Predicting Gas Chromatographic Retention Times for Some Stationary Phases

“…It is well-known that Gas Chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique which presents a great importance in the development of the methods of determination of chromatographic Retention Times (RT), Retention Indices (RIs), and characterization of the Stationary Phases (SPs) [1,2]. Quantitative Structure -Retention Relationships (QSRR) developed by Kaliszan [3] have been employed to elucidate molecular mechanism of separation in individual High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) models or to characterize the SPs for HPLC.…”