Gas Chromatography

Robards, Kevin; Haddad, P.R.; Jackson, Paul

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057178-2.50006-6

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…The analysed urine volume, per sample, varies significantly across urine VOC studies, e.g., 0.75–8 mL [ 24 , 42 , 134 , 142 ]. If headspace analysis is to be performed, the temperature of the sample is commonly elevated, to increase the sample vapour pressure [ 143 ]. The duration and temperatures for this procedure vary across studies, e.g., 5–20 min and 37–90 °C [ 42 , 144 , 145 , 146 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sniffing Out Urinary Tract Infection—Diagnosis Based on Volatile Organic Compounds and Smell Profile

2020

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Current available methods for the clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) rely on a urine dipstick test or culturing of pathogens. The dipstick test is rapid (available in 1–2 min), but has a low positive predictive value, while culturing is time-consuming and delays diagnosis (24–72 h between sample collection and pathogen identification). Due to this delay, broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed immediately. The over-prescription of antibiotics should be limited, in order to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, there is a growing need for alternative diagnostic tools. This paper reviews applications of chemical-analysis instruments, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and electronic noses (eNoses) used for the diagnosis of UTI. These methods analyse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from the headspace of collected urine samples to identify the bacterial pathogen and even determine the causative agent’s resistance to different antibiotics. There is great potential for these technologies to gain wide-spread and routine use in clinical settings, since the analysis can be automated, and test results can be available within minutes after sample collection. This could significantly reduce the necessity to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics and allow the faster and more effective use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sniffing Out Urinary Tract Infection—Diagnosis Based on Volatile Organic Compounds and Smell Profile

2020

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“…There are three types of derivatization modes commonly used in chromatography and applied to amine derivatization: pre-column, on-column and post-column derivatization [56][57][58][59][60] . The chemical conversion of amines can also be performed during sample collection and is termed in situ derivatization.…”

Section: Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%