Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of Creosotes extracted from wooden sleepers installed in playgrounds

Rotard, W.; Mailahn, Wolfgang

doi:10.1021/ac00128a014

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In that study, ⌺ PAH ranged from 1.89 to 52.5 g/ g (a value of 1,169 g/g was also recorded in ditch sediments at one site, but this was attributed to the presence of hydroutility poles). It has been reported that creosote loss from railway cross-ties is temperature dependent, with visible exudates occurring on very hot days [46]. This phenomenon may partially explain the high level of ⌺ PAH concentrations found in the ditch sediments in the study of Wan [45].…”

Section: Pahs In Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…To date, most of the information concerning creosote contamination in aquatic environments originates from after-the-fact assessments of waste discharges from creosote wood preserving facilities or contamination from wood structures [39,[42][43][44][45][46]. However, some insight may be gained by comparison with studies that have assessed creosoteassociated contamination from pilings and railway ties in natural environments.…”

Section: Pahs In Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Within Experimental Microcosms Treated With Creosote-Impregnated Douglas Fir Pilings

Bestari

Robinson

Solomon

et al. 1998

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-Temporal changes in the concentration and relative composition of 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, sediment, and polyvinylchloride (PVC) strips were assessed to evaluate the fate of creosote leached from impregnated wood pilings in aquatic environments. The study consisted of single microcosms containing one of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 creosoteimpregnated pilings and two microcosms containing untreated pilings. Quantitative analyses of PAHs were performed using highperformance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. For each treatment, total PAHs (⌺ PAH) in water increased rapidly up to 7 d posttreatment yielding a clear dose-dependant concentration gradient ranging from 7.3 (0.5 pilings) to 97.2 g/ L (6 pilings). Total PAHs declined exponentially after 7 d and was reduced close to background concentrations (0.8-6.7 g/L) by the end of the study (84 d). No increase in ⌺ PAH was observed in sediments at any treatment, nor was there any relationship between sediment PAHs and distance from each piling cluster. However, a slight increase in PAHs was observed on PVC liner strips that exhibited a concentration gradient similar to that in water. The PVC-bound ⌺ PAH ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 g/cm 2 and 0.2 to 2.2 g/cm 2 at 31 and 58 d posttreatment, respectively. Based on these data, we estimated a rate loss of creosote from the pilings of approximately 50 g/cm 2 /d (273 mg/piling/d). The low concentration of PAHs on the PVC, along with the absence of accumulation of PAHs in sediments, suggests that creosote was lost primarily from water via degradative pathways such as photolysis and microbial decomposition and adsorption onto PVC. The rapid loss of creosote from water in conjunction with the slow rate of leaching from the pilings suggests that risks associated with the use of creosote-impregnated pilings in aquatic environments may be minimal.

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Section: Pahs In Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Pahs In Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Within Experimental Microcosms Treated With Creosote-Impregnated Douglas Fir Pilings

Bestari

Robinson

Solomon

et al. 1998

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…Some groups have reported that mechanical shaking and liquid extraction methods are also useful, as is Soxhlet extraction. 13,15,18,21,22) Our group also previously confirmed the usefulness of soak-extraction for the analysis of wood samples. 9) Sonication is thought to enable the rapid extraction of PAHs.…”

Section: Extraction Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…15,18,21) Here, target PAHs were separated by a solid phase extraction approach using Sep-Pak Plus silica-cartridges. A PAH standard solution (10-20 µg in 0.1 ml) was loaded onto the cartridge, and then was eluted with 10 ml of dichloromethane.…”

Section: Solid Phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A GC system equipped with a capillary column and mass selective-ion-monitoring (SIM) is useful for detecting each chemical selectively and provides sufficient separation for the quantification of the PAHs in a complex. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Therefore, we used GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of PAHs in creosotes. With our previous method, the sensitivity of detection was low with respect to the determination of 3-10 µg/g of PAHs in creosote and creosote-treated wood products, 9) and a long period of time was required for GC-MS analysis, i.e., more than 30 min per sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene, Benz[a]anthracene and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene in Creosotes and Creosote-Treated Woods

Ikarashi¹,

Kaniwa²,

Tsuchiya³

2005

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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The amount of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benz[a]-anthracene (BaA), and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA)has been restricted to a concentration of 10 g/g each in creosotes, and 3 g/g each in creosote-treated woods, respectively, because of the possibility of the risk of skin cancer in consumers, and creosotes can otherwise contain high concentrations of each chemical. We already reported the content of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenols in creosotes and creosote-treated wood as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and absorptiometry [Chemosphere, 60, 1279-1287 (2005)]. However, the limit of determination of each PAH per sample was > 40 g/g according to that method, the sensitivity of which was insufficient for determining the allowable levels of these 3 compounds. Moreover, a substantial amount of time was needed for GC-MS analysis. In the present study, we improved upon our previous analytical method in order to increase the sensitivity of the test and to reduce the duration of GC-MS analysis. Creosote was extracted from treated wood samples by dichloromethane-soak incubation, and was placed on a Sep-Pak silica cartridge and eluted with dichloromethane. The eluates were evaporated and dissolved in dichloromethane. The sample solution spiked with the internal standard solution was injected into the GC-MS system. The limit of determination of each chemical in the test solution was approximately 0.2 g/ml, which corresponded to 1-2 g/g in each sample. The duration of GC-MS analysis was approximately 17 min. A collaborative study was also carried out in order to evaluate the reproducibility of the method for determining low levels of BaP and related compounds in creosotes. The present method was applied for the analysis of certain commercially available creosotes and creosote-treated wood samples in Japan. It was confirmed that some creosotes and railway sleepers contained these compounds in high concentrations, thus exceeding the allowed control value.

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Multidimensional Toxicity of Rhamnolipid Extracts Obtained From Creosote‐Contaminated Soil

Sydow

Lisiecki

Staninska-Pięta

et al. 2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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In this study, a comprehensive research on the toxicity of rhamnolipids and their influence on the toxicity of water extracts obtained from creosotecontaminated soil is performed. The obtained extracts contain organic compounds from the studied soil, which are eluted by pure water as well as solutions of rhamnolipids at different concentrations (ranging from 150 to 1500 mg L À1 where 150 mg L À1 corresponds with 1Â critical micelle concentration (CMC). GC-MS analyses allow for classification of the organic compounds into groups representing (i) 2-and 3-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (ii) 4-and 5-ring PAHs, (iii) monoaromatic phenols, (iv) N-heterocyclic compounds, and (v) other organic compounds. The addition of rhamnolipids reduces the elution of polar compounds and promote the elution of hydrophobic compounds from soil (the elution of polycyclic hydrocarbons increases with increasing concentration of rhamnolipids). Moreover, HPLC-MS analyses indicates a drop of the concentration of rhamnolipids compared to the initial concentration, suggesting a sorption of rhamnolipids on the soil matrix. Experiments regarding the toxicity toward activated sludge microorganisms (dehydrogenase activity assay), phytotoxicity (Phytotestkits), mutagenicity (Ames test), and cytotoxicity (MTT test) of extracts with and without rhamnolipids are also conducted. It is found that rhamnolipids increased the toxicity of the extracts toward microorganisms of activated sludge, phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity as well as mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 1537. The increasing toxicity in the presence of rhamnolipids can both be associated with increased bioavailability of toxic organic compounds as well as the toxicity of rhamnolipids.Ã Values of mutagenic activity for samples with statistically significant increase in the amount of induced revertants (p < 0.05) regarding to the negative control (number of spontaneous revertants) are in bold.

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Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of Creosotes extracted from wooden sleepers installed in playgrounds

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Distribution and Composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Within Experimental Microcosms Treated With Creosote-Impregnated Douglas Fir Pilings

Distribution and Composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Within Experimental Microcosms Treated With Creosote-Impregnated Douglas Fir Pilings

Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene, Benz[a]anthracene and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene in Creosotes and Creosote-Treated Woods

Multidimensional Toxicity of Rhamnolipid Extracts Obtained From Creosote‐Contaminated Soil

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