Gas chromatographic identification and quantification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a commercial product, Bromkal 70-5DE

Sjödin, Andreas; Jakobsson, Eva; Kierkegaard, Amelie; Marsh, Göran; Sellström, Ulla

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00614-1

Cited by 248 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similar high deca-BDE concentrations in sewage sludge have been reported by other investigators in Spanish and Italian (e.g., Fabrellas et al 2004;Cincinelli et al 2012). The average BDE99/BDE100 ratio of 85:14 (Table S2 of the "Electronic supplementary material") in the sludge is nearly the same as that reported for technical penta-BDE (Bromkal 70-5DE) (84:16) (Sjödin et al 1998), and it is also consistent with the average of 86:14 as reported by Knoth et al (2007). In another investigation, a wastewater treatment plant in Palo Alto, CA, USA, was investigated to track PBDE release into the San Francisco Bay Estuary.…”

Section: Concentrations In the Sludge Samplessupporting

confidence: 88%

Levels, compositions, and inventory of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge of Guangdong Province, South China

Ran

Yang

Liu

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in sewage sludge samples collected from major wastewater treatment plants in Guangdong Province, South China. Concentrations of ∑ 39 PBDE (all 39 compounds including tri-to hepta-PBDE congeners except for BDE-209) ranged from 3.6 to 428 ng/g dw with a mean value of 67.4 ng/g dw and a median value of 25.9 ng/g dw, and those of BDE-209 ranged from 9.9 to 5,010 ng/g dw (mean 1,024 ng/g dw and median 824 ng/g dw). The PBDE mixtures detected were mainly comprised of penta-, octa-, and deca-BDEs, with deca-BDE as the dominant constituent. The most abundant congeners, excluding BDE-209, were BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-183. Good correlations were found among the concentrations of BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-138, and BDE-154 (r>0.8). However, poor correlations were found between the concentrations of BDE-209 and all other congeners (r<0.3). This fact suggests that most tri-to hepta-BDEs detected did not originate from decomposition of deca-BDE. The estimated annual emission of ∑ all PBDEs, ∑ 39 PBDEs, penta-BDE, octa-BDE, and deca-BDE to the Pearl River Delta environment (PRD), based on the sludge samples analyzed, amounts to 232, 20.2, 5.5, 1.7, and 212 kg per year, implicating sewage sludge as a significant source of PBDEs to the PRD environment.

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Section: Concentrations In the Sludge Samplessupporting

confidence: 88%

Levels, compositions, and inventory of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge of Guangdong Province, South China

Ran

Yang

Liu

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Guardia et al (2006) similarly indicated the following congeners as the most abundant in DE-71: BDE-99 (49%), BDE-47 (38%), BDE-100 (13%), BDE-153 (5.5%). The European pentaBDE formulation Bromkal 70-5DE had a similar composition (Sjodin et al 1998). Concentrations of ΣPBDEs in human milk (ng/g lipid) Estimated exposure of North America population to PBDEs Data are in ng/kg body weight/day.…”

Section: Overall Perspective and Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants

2007

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“…Tetra-, penta-, and hexaBDEs, major congeners detected in mammalian tissues and fluids, are components of commercial flame retardant products such as Great Lakes DE-71™ (DE71) and Bromkal 70-5DE™ (BK70) (Sjödin et al 1998;de Wit 2002;Chen et al 2006a). The DE71 used in previous studies in our laboratory contained (by peak area as determined by GC/MS) 36% 2,2′,4,4′-tetraBDE (BDE47), 42% 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentaBDE (BDE99), and 3% 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexaBDE (BDE153) (Sanders et al 2005); similar to respective amounts of the three congeners (37, 35, and 4%) in BK70 (Sjödin et al 1998). These, as well as 2,2′,4,4′,6-pentaBDE (BDE100) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,6′-hexaBDE (BDE154), are the major congeners in both BK70 and DE71 (Sjödin et al 1998;Chen et al 2006a), and are the prevalent congeners detected in human tissue and fluid samples (Hites 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE153) and its interaction with other polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in rodents

et al. 2006

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1.The disposition of the 14 C-labeled polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexaBDE (BDE153) was investigated in rodents following single and multiple doses and in a mixture with radiolabeled 2,2′,4,4′-tetraBDE (BDE47) and 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentaBDE (BDE99). 2.In single exposure studies, there was little or no effect of dose on BDE153 disposition in male rats in the range of 1-100 µmol/kg. No major sex or species differences in the in vivo fate of BDE153 were detected. BDE153 was: 1) approximately 70% absorbed in rats or mice following gavage. 2) retained in tissues. 3) poorly metabolized and slowly excreted. 3.Mixture studies indicated that, relative to each other, more BDE47 was distributed to adipose tissue, more BDE153 accumulated in liver, and BDE99 was metabolized to the greatest extent. BDE153 was probably retained in liver due to minimal metabolism and elimination after "first pass" distribution to the tissue following gavage.

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Gas chromatographic identification and quantification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a commercial product, Bromkal 70-5DE

Cited by 248 publications

References 18 publications

Levels, compositions, and inventory of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge of Guangdong Province, South China

Levels, compositions, and inventory of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge of Guangdong Province, South China

Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants

Disposition of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE153) and its interaction with other polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in rodents

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