Gas chromatographic fingerprint analysis of secondary metabolites of Stachys lanata (Stachys byzantine C. Koch) combined with antioxidant activity modelling using multivariate chemometric methods

Genus Stachys: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Bioactivity

“…In Iran, several species are applied as traditional therapeutic agents in various conditions, including S. acerosa [ 31 ], S. fruticulosa [ 32 ], S. byzantina (known in Farsi as “lamb’s ear” or “lamb’s tongue” or “sonbolehe noghrehi” or “zabanehe bare”) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], S. inflata (local names; ′′poulk′′ or “Ghol-e-Argavan”) [ 31 , 36 , 37 ], S. lavandulifolia (known as “Chaaye Koohi”) [ 12 , 13 , 31 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], S. pilifera [ 31 , 45 ], S. schtschegleevii [ 32 , 34 , 46 ], S. sylvatica [ 47 ] and S. turcomanica [ 34 ]. Of considerable interest, S. sylvatica (common name “hedge woundwort”) is recommended for the treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [ 47 ].…”

“…Lavandulifolioside A (or stachysoside A) ( 129 ) was firstly isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of S. lavandulifolia in 1988 [ 115 ], while in 2011 Delazar et al (2011) isolated lavandulifolioside B ( 130 ) from the same plant, for the first time [ 12 ]. Moreover, three phenylethanoid glycosides were reported from the aerial parts of S. byzantina (section Eriostomum), including verbascoside ( 118 ), 2′-O-arabinosyl verbascoside ( 122 ) and aeschynanthoside C ( 133 ) [ 35 ]. Among them, the first and the last compound has been isolated only from the specific species.…”

“…Triterpene derivatives and phytosterols are major secondary metabolites of Lamiaceae family. In genus Stachys , five phytosterol derivatives ( 220 – 224 ) were found in S. byzantina [ 17 , 35 ], S. annua [ 95 ], S. spinosa [ 99 ], S. tetragona [ 100 ], S. palustris [ 146 ] and S. alopecuros subsp. divulsa [ 119 ] ( Table 14 and Table 28 ).…”

“…The species S. mucronata demonstrated strong anti-radical activity due to the high content in polyphenols [ 156 ]. A recent study conducted by Aminfar et al (2019) described a chemometric-based approach in order to classify S. lanata by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprints and to correlate their chemical constituents with their antioxidant capacity [ 35 ]. They identified eight antioxidant markers which could also serve as volatile markers.…”

High‐throughput screening of secondary metabolites by Sorbus pohuashanensis cells under environmental stress using UHPLC‐QTOF combined with AntDAS

“…Among them, gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection (Aminfar et al, 2019), GC-mass spectrometry (MS) (Parastar et al, 2012), liquid chromatography (LC)-MS (Mamat et al, 2020), ultrahigh performance LC-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-QTOF) (Katragunta et al, 2019), fluorescence spectroscopy (Lai et al, 2007), and ELISA (Yan et al, 2020) have been gradually developed and widely used for the analysis of secondary metabolites.…”