Gas chromatographic analysis of alkylresorcinols in rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L) grains

Ross, Alastair B.; Kamal‐Eldin, Afaf; Jung, Charlotta; Shepherd, Martin J.; Åman, Per

doi:10.1002/jsfa.956

Cited by 118 publications

(142 citation statements)

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“…The alkylresorcinol content of the flours was obtained by direct analysis using the GC method of Ross et al (2001) and previously published data for cultivars of wheat and rye commonly used by the baking industry (Ross et al 2001(Ross et al , 2003cChen et al 2004). The averaged flour alkylresorcinol contents used for the calculations are the means of at least three different samples for each category, and were (all dry weights): sifted rye flour (Nordic countries), 0·141 mg/g; whole-grain rye flour (Nordic countries), 0·888 mg/g; whole-grain wheat flour (Nordic countries), 0·412 mg/g; brown wheat flour (UK), 0·378 mg/g; whole-grain wheat flour (UK), 0·945 mg/g.…”

Section: Calculation Of Alkylresorcinol Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of alkylresorcinols from wheat and rye in the United Kingdom and Sweden

et al. 2005

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Alkylresorcinols, phenolic lipids present in high amounts in whole-grain wheat and rye but not present in appreciable amounts in other foods, are candidates as biomarkers of whole-grain intake from these cereals. We estimated the intake of alkylresorcinols in Sweden and the UK using two different methods: food supply data (FSD); food consumption data (FCD; based on individual and household survey data). The average per capita intake of alkylresorcinols in Sweden was 17·5 mg/d (FSD) and 22·9 (SD 16·6) mg/d (FCD), while in the UK it was 11·9 mg/d (FSD) and 11·8 (SD 18·62) mg/d (FCD). Ninety-six per cent of all Swedes consumed some alkylresorcinols, compared with 50 % of British people surveyed. Both women and men over the age of 40 years had a higher alkylresorcinol intake than younger people. The average results from the two methods were similar, but the FCD data provided more detail about the range of alkylresorcinol intake, and indicate that because the intake of alkylresorcinols varies so widely, they may be good markers of diets rich or poor in whole-grain wheat/rye products.

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Section: Calculation Of Alkylresorcinol Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of alkylresorcinols from wheat and rye in the United Kingdom and Sweden

et al. 2005

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“…They are present in high amounts in rye, common-and durum wheat and in lower amounts in barley (Landberg et al, 2006a;Andersson et al, 2008). AR are located in the outer cuticule of testa or inner cuticule of pericarp and thus their occurrence in blood reflect individual intake of bran (Ross et al, 2001(Ross et al, , 2003Landberg et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of fasting plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations measured 4 months apart

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: Alkylresorcinols (ARs) have been suggested as specific dietary biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Evaluation of long-term reliability in repeatedly collected samples in population-based studies is needed to assess whether plasma AR reflect long-term exposure and may be used to study exposure-disease relationships in large-scale epidemiologic studies. The objective of this study was to analyze the reliability (reproducibility) of AR concentrations in fasting plasma measured 4 months apart. Conclusions: Overall, we observed moderate reliability in concentration of total AR and individual homologues over time, although reliability was weaker in men than in women. These findings should be taken into account when using AR as blood biomarkers for whole-grain intake in large-scale epidemiologic studies.

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“…According to a slightly modified method of Ross et al (2001), alkylresorcinols were extracted from 1.00 g cereal grains (coarsely ground in a coffee grinder, then milled with a mortar and pestle) with 40 ml of ethyl acetate for 24 h with continuous shaking at room temperature. The extracts were centrifuged at 4400 rpm for 10 min and the supernatants (4 ml) were then evaporated to dryness in a rotary evaporator (Heidolph Laborata 4001 Efficient System, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are commonly used for the routine quantitative determination of ARs (Ross et al, 2001;Mattila et al, 2005;Landberg et al, 2006). For the rapid determination of total ARs content in cereal grain products, colorimetric method after formation of intense red complex with fast blue salt (the diazonium salt Fast Blue B) has been used (Mattila et al, 2005;Kulawinek and Kozubek, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Energy and Macronutrient Intake on Cognitive Function Through the Lifespan

Gibson¹

2013

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences

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INTRODUCTIONThis review will briefly consider the impact on cognitive development and function, of variation in intake (insufficient or excessive) of the macronutrients, protein, carbohydrate and fat, and, where its effects can be separated, energy, over the human lifespan. For each macronutrient, attention will be paid to what is known about the role of specific forms for cognition and brain function. This review is mainly concerned with evidence in human beings, and emphasis is placed on highlighting current understanding of the evidence, rather than an extensive review of the literature.All the macronutrients can provide energy, albeit with differing priorities and target organs, as well as carbon for structural functions, and many forms are fundamental to cellular processes governing growth, signalling and survival (Mann and Truswell, 2012). For the brain specifically, carbohydrates provide glucose as the primary energy source, amino acids in proteins provide the precursors for synthesis of neurotransmitters and create their receptors, while fatty acids provide the structural basis of neuronal cell membranes. These properties point to ways in which macronutrient intake may be crucial for optimal brain function.Firstly, the importance of adequate intake of energy and protein, both for the pregnant mother and thus the intrauterine nutritional environment for the foetus, and for the neonate and infant child, will be considered. Breastfeeding will briefly be compared to formula feeding, as the quantity and quality of fats and protein may have implications for cognitive development.Next, the review will discuss evidence for the benefits of breakfast, and other meal types, for cognitive function in school children, adolescents and adults, comparing effects of different forms of breakfast, including the nature of the carbohydrates and the glycaemic index of the meal. For adolescents and adults, there is extensive literature on the effects of glucose loads on cognition, particularly memory and attention: this literature will be summarised, and the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence, and its implications, discussed.PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 67 (2013), No. 4/5 (685/686), pp. 303-314. DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2013 EFFECTS OF ENERGY AND MACRONUTRIENT INTAKE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION THROUGH THE LIFESPAN Edward Leigh GibsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK l.gibson@roehampton.ac.uk Communicated by Valdis PîrâgsThis paper reviews effects of both insufficient and excessive energy and macronutrient intake on cognition over the lifespan, including the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, and adulthood. In the brain, the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to both protein malnutrition and energy undernutrition in utero or infancy, resulting in impaired neurogenesis and deficits in memory and spatial learning, reduced anxiety and increased impulsivity, reflected in impairments of neurotransmitter systems. Conversely, higher protein intake is associated with i...

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Gas chromatographic analysis of alkylresorcinols in rye (Secale cereale L) grains

Cited by 118 publications

References 17 publications

Intake of alkylresorcinols from wheat and rye in the United Kingdom and Sweden

Intake of alkylresorcinols from wheat and rye in the United Kingdom and Sweden

Reliability of fasting plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations measured 4 months apart

Effects of Energy and Macronutrient Intake on Cognitive Function Through the Lifespan

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