Gas and isotope chemistry of thermal features in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

Bergfeld, D.; Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Hunt, Andrew G.; Shanks, Wayne C.; Evans, William C.

doi:10.3133/sir20115012

Cited by 30 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The very negative values of the stable isotopes of water (dD& from À147 to À166 and d 18 O& from À13.5 to À20.7) testify to the main meteoric origin of the water itself, confirming previous investigations (Craig et al, 1956;Bergfeld et al, 2011). Carbon isotopic composition of Yellowstone fumarolic CO 2 , expressed in d 13 C& vs. VPDB notation, varies from À4.2& to À1.7&, suggesting that more than one source may be involved in defining the 13 C. In accordance with previous studies (Craig, 1963) sedimentary carbonate sources could partially mask the isotopic signature of magmatic CO 2 source active at Yellowstone.…”

Section: Gas Compositionssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…1, and the chemical and isotopic compositions are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Replicate samples were collected, analyzed and reported by Bergfeld et al (2011) for many of the species and isotopes reported herein (except for CO, d 15 N). In general, the agreement is excellent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One problem in reconciling the models of Fournier and colleagues with the noble gas data (Kennedy et al, 1985;Bergfeld et al, 2011) is that dilution of a high-temperature parent water by cold meteoric water is unlikely to account for the marked variation in He-isotope ratios evident at Yellowstone. Cold (and young) meteoric water would lack sufficient dissolved He (or radiogenic Ar) to provide any leverage on isotopic ratios (Kennedy et al, 1987), or to create the He-rich radiogenic gases found in places like the Heart Lake Geyser Basin (Lowenstern et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Applying these same methods to the larger Yellowstone gas database of Bergfeld et al (2011), we provide evidence that hightemperature gases at Yellowstone, particularly those within the Yellowstone Caldera, reflect mixing between a deep (mostly meteoric-derived) water that contains magma-derived solutes and gases and has a temperature of $340°C (mantle component or MC) and a dominantly meteoric water highly enriched in crustal gases and at elevated but generally lower temperature around 170°C (crustal component or CC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…2). Only two samples (4, 5) show a significant increase of the relative nitrogen content toward sediment composition (Bergfeld et al, 2011). Information on the origin of the He-rich samples in Fig.…”

Section: N 2 He and Armentioning

confidence: 98%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Insights from fumarole gas geochemistry on the origin of hydrothermal fluids on the Yellowstone Plateau

Chiodini

Caliro

Lowenstern

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Gas Compositionssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: N 2 He and Armentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Insights from fumarole gas geochemistry on the origin of hydrothermal fluids on the Yellowstone Plateau

Chiodini

Caliro

Lowenstern

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Dynamics of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system

2014

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The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field is characterized by extensive seismicity, episodes of uplift and subsidence, and a hydrothermal system that comprises more than 10,000 thermal features, including geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, thermal springs, and hydrothermal explosion craters. The diverse chemical and isotopic compositions of waters and gases derive from mantle, crustal, and meteoric sources and extensive water-gas-rock interaction at variable pressures and temperatures. The thermal features are host to all domains of life that utilize diverse inorganic sources of energy for metabolism. The unique and exceptional features of the hydrothermal system have attracted numerous researchers to Yellowstone beginning with the Washburn and Hayden expeditions in the 1870s. Since a seminal review published a quarter of a century ago, research in many fields has greatly advanced our understanding of the many coupled processes operating in and on the hydrothermal system. Specific advances include more refined geophysical images of the magmatic system, better constraints on the time scale of magmatic processes, characterization of fluid sources and water-rock interactions, quantitative estimates of heat and magmatic volatile fluxes, discovering and quantifying the role of thermophile microorganisms in the geochemical cycle, defining the chronology of hydrothermal explosions and their relation to glacial cycles, defining possible links between hydrothermal activity, deformation, and seismicity; quantifying geyser dynamics; and the discovery of extensive hydrothermal activity in Yellowstone Lake. Discussion of these many advances forms the basis of this review."This whole region was, in comparatively modern geologic times, the scene of the most wonderful volcanic activity of any portion of our country. The hot springs and the geysers represent the late stages-the vents or escape pipes-of these remarkable volcanic manifestations of the internal forces. All these springs are adorned with decorations more beautiful than human art ever conceived, and which have required thousands of years for the cunning hand of nature to form" [Hayden, 1883, p. 70]. Ferdinand V. Hayden led the 1871 geological survey of northwestern Wyoming, leading to the establishment of Yellowstone as the first U.S. National Park in 1872.

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Eruptions at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 1. Energetics and eruption dynamics

et al. 2013

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[1] Geysers provide a natural laboratory to study multiphase eruptive processes. We present results from a 4 day experiment at Lone Star Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA. We simultaneously measured water discharge, acoustic emissions, infrared intensity, and visible and infrared video to quantify the energetics and dynamics of eruptions, occurring approximately every 3 h. We define four phases in the eruption cycle (1) a 28˙3 min phase with liquid and steam fountaining, with maximum jet velocities of 16-28 m s -1 , steam mass fraction of less than 0.01. Intermittently choked flow and flow oscillations with periods increasing from 20 to 40 s are coincident with a decrease in jet velocity and an increase of steam fraction; (2) a 26˙8 min posteruption relaxation phase with no discharge from the vent, infrared (IR), and acoustic power oscillations gliding between 30 and 40 s; (3) a 59˙13 min recharge period during which the geyser is quiescent and progressively refills, and (4) a 69˙14 min preplay period characterized by a series of 5-10 min long pulses of steam, small volumes of liquid water discharge, and 50-70 s flow oscillations. The erupted waters ascend from a 160-170 ı C reservoir, and the volume discharged during the entire eruptive cycle is 20.8˙4.1 m 3 . Assuming isentropic expansion, we calculate a heat output from the geyser of 1.4-1.5 MW, which is < 0.1% of the total heat output from Yellowstone Caldera.

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Gas and isotope chemistry of thermal features in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

Abstract: 5012_appendix1.pdf). Appendix 2. Google Earth KML file linked to sample locations (attached file;

Cited by 30 publications

References 52 publications

Insights from fumarole gas geochemistry on the origin of hydrothermal fluids on the Yellowstone Plateau

Insights from fumarole gas geochemistry on the origin of hydrothermal fluids on the Yellowstone Plateau

Dynamics of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system

Eruptions at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 1. Energetics and eruption dynamics

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