Garlic for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Xiong, Xingjiang; Wang, P.Q.; Li, S.J.; Li, X.K.; Zhang, Y.Q.; Wang, J.

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.013

Cited by 81 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Among the 31 studies, 11 studies (Chiavarini et al, ; Fleischauer et al, ; Guercio et al, ; Hu et al, ; Kodali & Eslick, ; Li et al, ; Turati et al, , ; Zhou et al, , ; Zhu et al, ) were about cancer and tumor outcomes (gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, upper aerodigestive tract cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal adenomatous polyps), 13 studies (Emami et al, ; Khoo & Aziz, ; Kwak et al, ; Reinhart et al, ; Ried, ; Ried, Toben, et al, ; Sahebkar et al, ; Shabani et al, ; Stevinson et al, ; Sun et al, ; Wang et al, ; Warshafsky et al, ; Zeng et al, ) were about metabolic outcomes (serum total cholesterol [TC], high‐density lipoprotein [HDL], low‐density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides [TGs], fasting blood glucose [FBG], serum HbA1c, serum fructosamine, serum lipoprotein (a), and apolipoprotein B), seven studies (Reinhart et al, ; Ried, ; Ried et al, ; Rohner et al, ; Silagy & Neil, ; Wang et al, ; Xiong et al, ) were about cardiovascular outcomes (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure), and only one systematic review and meta‐analysis (Taghizadeh et al, ) was about serum C‐reactive protein levels. Finally, 50 unique outcomes extracted from the 16 most recent meta‐analyses were analyzed in this umbrella review, and the map of allium vegetable‐related outcomes is reported in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, 19,023 articles remained after removing the duplicates, and 18,992 articles were excluded after reviewing the titles and abstracts. Finally, 31 full-text articles (Chiavarini et al, 2016;Emami, Rouhani, & Azadbakht, 2017;Fleischauer, Poole, & Arab, 2000;Guercio, Turati, La Vecchia, Galeone, & Tavani, 2016;Hu et al, 2014;Khoo & Aziz, 2009;Kodali & Eslick, 2015;Kwak et al, 2014;Li, Ying, Shan, & Ji, 2018;Reinhart, Coleman, Teevan, Vachhani, & White, 2008;Reinhart, Talati, White, & Coleman, 2009;Ried, 2016;Ried, Frank, Stocks, Fakler, & Sullivan, 2008;Ried, Toben, & Fakler, 2013;Rohner, Ried, Sobenin, Bucher, & Nordmann, 2015;Sahebkar et al, 2016;Shabani et al, 2018;Silagy & Neil, 1994;Stevinson, Pittler, & Ernst, 2000;Sun, Wang, & Qin, 2018;Taghizadeh, Hamedifard, & Jafarnejad, 2018;Turati et al, 2014;Turati, Pelucchi, Guercio, La Vecchia, & Galeone, 2015;Wang, Yang, Qin, & Yang, 2015;Wang, Zhang, Lan, & Wang, 2017;Warshafsky, Kamer, & Sivak, 1993;Xiong et al, 2015;Zeng et al, 2012;Zhou, Ding, & Liu, 2013;Zhou et al, 2011;Zhu, Zou, Qi, Zhong, & Miao, 2014) were reviewed for further assessment.…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of multiple health outcomes

Wan

Li³

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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Previously, our meta‐analysis and other studies have suggested that allium vegetable consumption is beneficial for health, but no umbrella review has been conducted to assess the evidence of the various health benefits of allium vegetable consumption. Therefore, we conducted this umbrella review on this topic. This umbrella review included a total of 16 meta‐analyses with 50 unique outcomes. The most beneficial cancer‐related outcome was shown for gastric cancer (risk ratio 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.91). In addition, only 8 weeks of garlic consumption significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (weighted mean differences −17.20 mg/dl; 95% CI −23.10 to −11.30), and patients with dyslipidemia who consumed garlic experienced more benefits than the whole population. Diabetic patients with longer durations of garlic intake experienced more benefits in terms of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and serum fructosamine than healthy participants, and garlic intake was associated with blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients but not in normotensive participants. Limited side effects of garlic, such as garlic odor and gastrointestinal complaints, were reported among the included meta‐analyses. Our results suggested that allium vegetables might be beneficial for cancer prevention. In particular, garlic was comparatively safe and is recommended as a long‐term dietary component for patients with dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of multiple health outcomes

Wan

Li³

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Among dietary factors, alcohol and dietary fat have been shown to be significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension . In contrast, there were inverse associations between the consumption of garlic and soya protein and the risk of hypertension. As important components of diet, fruit and vegetables (FV) are rich in minerals, vitamins, and folic acid, which have been reported to have beneficial effects on endothelial function .…”

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confidence: 99%

Fruit and Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Hypertension: A Meta‐Analysis

Fang

Wang

et al. 2016

J of Clinical Hypertension

122

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The association between fruit and vegetables (FVs) consumption and hypertension risk remains controversial. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and the Web of Science for relevant articles published in English or Chinese up to April 2015. A total of 25 studies with 334,468 patients (41,713 cases) were included in the present meta-analysis. When comparing the highest with the lowest consumption, the pooled relative risks of hypertension were 0.812 (95% confidence interval, 0.740-0.890) for FVs, 0.732 (95% confidence interval, 0.621-0.861) for fruit, and 0.970 (95% confidence interval, 0.918-1.024) for vegetables. A significantly inverse association between fruit consumption and hypertension risk was found in studies carried out in Asia (relative risk, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.79). Influence analysis revealed that no individual study had an excessive influence on the pooled relative risks. The present meta-analysis indicates that FV consumption might be inversely associated with hypertension risk, which still needs to be confirmed by prospective cohort studies.

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“…The wisdom of the Ancients has largely been borne out by current research, and in research animals, if not always in humans, there is accumulating evidence that garlic and organosulfur compounds have a myriad of beneficial effects. These have been summarized in a number of recent reviews (1,3,4,7,18,38,48,52,61,64,66).…”

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confidence: 99%

Garlic oil polysulfides: H₂S- and O₂-independent prooxidants in buffer and antioxidants in cells

DeLeon

Gao

Huang

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The health benefits of garlic and other organosulfur-containing foods are well recognized and have been attributed to both prooxidant and antioxidant activities. The effects of garlic are surprisingly similar to those of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is also known to be released from garlic under certain conditions. However, recent evidence suggests that polysulfides, not H2S, may be the actual mediator of physiological signaling. In this study, we monitored formation of H2S and polysulfides from garlic oil in buffer and in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells with fluorescent dyes, 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin and SSP4, respectively and redox activity with two redox indicators redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP) and DCF. Our results show that H2S release from garlic oil in buffer requires other low-molecular-weight thiols, such as cysteine (Cys) or glutathione (GSH), whereas polysulfides are readily detected in garlic oil alone. Administration of garlic oil to cells rapidly increases intracellular polysulfide but has minimal effects on H2S unless Cys or GSH are also present in the extracellular medium. We also observed that garlic oil and diallyltrisulfide (DATS) potently oxidized roGFP in buffer but did not affect DCF. This appears to be a direct polysulfide-mediated oxidation that does not require a reactive oxygen species intermediate. Conversely, when applied to cells, garlic oil became a significant intracellular reductant independent of extracellular Cys or GSH. This suggests that intracellular metabolism and further processing of the sulfur moieties are necessary to confer antioxidant properties to garlic oil in vivo.

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Garlic for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 81 publications

References 53 publications

Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of multiple health outcomes

Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of multiple health outcomes

Fruit and Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Hypertension: A Meta‐Analysis

Garlic oil polysulfides: H₂S- and O₂-independent prooxidants in buffer and antioxidants in cells

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Garlic for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 81 publications

References 53 publications

Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of multiple health outcomes

Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses of multiple health outcomes

Fruit and Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Hypertension: A Meta‐Analysis

Garlic oil polysulfides: H2S- and O2-independent prooxidants in buffer and antioxidants in cells

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Garlic oil polysulfides: H₂S- and O₂-independent prooxidants in buffer and antioxidants in cells