Garlic extract and phonophoresis in wound healing: Histological and immunohistochemical study

Abstract

Background: Garlic extract can be used alongside conventional antibiotics to fight agents of nosocomial infections, prevalent in hospitals. Phonophoresis is the use of therapeutic ultrasound to increase the percutaneous absorption of pharmacologic agents. Aim of the work: To compare between the use of garlic extract with and without phonophoresis in wound healing in male albino rats. Material & methods: Twenty four male albino rats were classified into 4 equal groups. Group I included 6 rats used as the control group. Group II; 6 rats subjected to wound injury; of them 3 were sacrificed after 2weeks (subgroup-IIa) and the other 3 rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks (subgroup IIb). Group III (Garlic-extract treated) included 6 rats subjected to wound injury and received garlic extract gel daily. Of them, 3 rats and were sacrificed after 2weeks of treatment (subgroup-IIIa). The other 3 rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks of teatment (subgroup-IIIb). Group IV (Garlic extract /Phonophoresis, both) 6 rats subjected to wound injury and received garlic extract gel daily together with phonophoresis 3 times/week. Of which, 3 rats sacrificed after 2 weeks (subgroup-IVa) and 3 rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks (subgroup-IVb). The wound surface areas were measured. Skin sections were processed for histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. Results: Examination of skin sections in the wound group (group II) showed wide separation of edges and few hair follicles with reduced thickness and desquamated keratin. In group III and group IV, there was marked regeneration of the epidermis and dermis. With significant increase in hair follicles number in group IV compared to group III. Multiple immunostained CD44 +ve cells were detected in group IV. Conclusion: Both garlic and phonophoresis helped wound healing but Garlic extract/phonophoresis combination revealed faster and better (i.e., more complete wound) healing compared to garlic extract application without phonophoresis.

Potential Utility of Ultrasound-Enhanced Delivery of Antibiotics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, and Nutraceuticals: A Mini Review

“…In addition to more traditional anti-inflammatory agents, nutraceuticals have also been evaluated for their potential clinical utility when delivered via ultrasound. A recent study analyzed wound healing via garlic extract PH in twenty-four male albino rats [ 32 ]. Upon histologic analysis, both garlic and PH helped wound healing, but garlic extract PH revealed faster and better (i.e., more complete wound) healing compared to garlic extract application without PH [ 32 ].…”

“…A recent study analyzed wound healing via garlic extract PH in twenty-four male albino rats [ 32 ]. Upon histologic analysis, both garlic and PH helped wound healing, but garlic extract PH revealed faster and better (i.e., more complete wound) healing compared to garlic extract application without PH [ 32 ]. This can potentially be explained due to garlic’s anti-inflammatory and ultrasound induced biofilm disruption (garlic/ultrasound) [ 32 ].…”

“…Upon histologic analysis, both garlic and PH helped wound healing, but garlic extract PH revealed faster and better (i.e., more complete wound) healing compared to garlic extract application without PH [ 32 ]. This can potentially be explained due to garlic’s anti-inflammatory and ultrasound induced biofilm disruption (garlic/ultrasound) [ 32 ]. Filho et al compared topical use of Aloe vera gel, pulsed mode US and Aloe vera phonophoresis on rat paw with collagenase-induced tendinitis [ 33 ].…”

Study the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Healing Procedure of Burn Wound on Rat

“…Similar investigations have been conducted in this field. Fares et al [29] conveyed the obvious regeneration of the epidermis and dermis with noteworthy upsurge in hair follicles number and multiple immunostained CD44 +ve cells in rats treated with garlic extract. Farahpour et al [30] stated the substantial improvement in fibroblast, fibrocyte, and mast-cell production in rats treated with 2% garlic extract.…”

Design and simulation of microfluidic smart bandage using Comsol Multiphysics

“…Low pH of honey does not allow the bacteria to survive so long as the honey is not diluted [21]. Garlic can also be used to reduce the rate of spread of infection due to allicin present in it [22]- [25]. Glutamine present in spinach helps in increasing collagen synthesis resulting in fast wound healing.…”