Gardon gauge measurements of fast heat flux transients

Fu, Tairan; Zong, Anzhou; Tian, Jinfeng; Xin, Chengyun

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.02.043

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The parameters of the Gardon gauge were  =0.2 mm, R =2.5 mm, and a heat sink temperature of 0 T =0℃. The standard measurement sensitivity for heat flux in radiation was obtained using the theoretical analysis [38] as r L =0.0145 mV/(kW/m 2 ). All Gardon gauges are calibrated by manufacturers.…”

Section: Methods Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The voltage output of the Gardon gauge from this thermocouple joint is linearly proportional to the incident heat flux in the steady-state heat flux conditions. The ratio of the voltage output to the measured heat flux is defined as the measurement sensitivity of the heat flux gauge [33,38]. The measurement sensitivity obtained for radiation is approximately constant, but is unsuitable to convective heat transfer measurements [39][40][41].…”

Section: Measurement Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 shows a sketch of convective heat transfer measurements using a Gardon heat flux sensor. The steady state heat conduction equation together with the boundary conditions describing the radial temperature distribution in the foil exposed to a heat flux can be expressed as [33,38]:…”

Section: Measurement Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial Gardon gauges are available with metal bodies, blackbody sensor foils and water cooling designs for high heat flux measurements with long lifespan in harsh environments [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Gardon gauges were first introduced to measurement of heat flux for radiation and are usually only calibrated for radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method to measure heat flux in convection using Gardon gauge

Fu¹,

Zong²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Heat flux measurements are widely used in thermal environment analyses. The Gardon gauge is an excellent heat flux sensor with a wide measurement range and long lifespan in harsh environments. However, the Gardon gauge is usually calibrated for radiation heat transfer and is not good for convective heat transfer. This paper introduces a method to measure heat flux for convective heat transfer using the Gardon gauge by relating the measurement sensitivity for convection to that for radiation. The heat flux and convective heat-transfer coefficient can then be simultaneously determined by the standard thermo-electromotive voltage output of the Gardon gauge. The method was demonstrated for convective heat-transfer coefficient ranging from 200 to 3000 W/(m 2 K). The analysis illustrates that the measurement sensitivity for convection decreases with increasing convective heat-transfer coefficient. A correction is necessary especially for higher convective heat-transfer coefficient. The corrected convective heat-transfer coefficients and heat fluxes agree well with the actual values. The relative uncertainty in heat flux is within 0.64%. The method not only greatly improves the measurement accuracy of the Gardon gauge for convection applications, but also provides a reference for evaluating convective heat transfer coefficients in convection environments.

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Section: Methods Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A method to measure heat flux in convection using Gardon gauge

Fu¹,

Zong²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

Self Cite

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“…Borell and Diller [8], Kuo and Kulkani [9], and Fu et al [10] expanded the steady-state analysis of Gardon [1] by including convective heat transfer at the foil surface and provided calibration corrections for convective heat transfer. Recently, Fu et al [11] applied the Duhamel theorem to study Gardon gage exposed to fast heat flux transients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient analysis of a circular foil gage in a convective and radiative environment

Yang

2018

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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An analysis of a circular thin-foil gage is presented that includes transient effects, convective heat transfer, and an arbitrary time-varying boundary condition at the foil edge to account for fluctuations in cooling water temperature. The governing energy equation is solved using Laplace transform to obtain the temporal and spatial temperature distributions of the foil. Under constant temperature at the foil edge and constant thermal radiative heat flux, closed-form response curves for the gage under various modes of heat transfer are provided. Steady-state results are also presented as limiting cases.

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