Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 栀子 (Zhizi, Capejasmine)

Liu, Jianhui; Yin, Fei

doi:10.1007/978-3-211-99448-1_44

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The chlorogenic acid content in Zhizi displayed an upward trend with decreasing length. Zhizi exhibits superior quality characterized by small, round, thin pericarps and red color ( Liu and Peng, 2016 ; Rao et al., 2023 ). The results of our study indicated the inaccuracy of dividing Gardeniae Fructus grades solely based on length grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, small, round fruits are designated for medicinal purposes, referred to as Zhizi or Shanzhizi in Chinese. Conversely, large, elongated fruits known as “ Fu shi Zhizi ” or Shuizhizi are used exclusively for dyeing ( Liu and Peng, 2016 ). Currently, two distinct forms of medicinal materials persist in the market: Zhizi , characterized by smaller fruits, and the slightly larger Shuizhizi , aligning with historical herbal medicine records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive quality evaluation of different types of Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) and Shuizhizi based on LC-MS/MS

Qian,

Hu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) serves as both a medicinal and edible substance and finds widespread use in various industries. There are often two kinds of medicinal materials in the market: Zhizi and Shuizhizi. Typically, Zhizi with small, round fruit is used for medicinal purposes, while Shuizhizi, characterized by large, elongated fruit, is employed for dyeing. Market surveys have revealed a diverse range of Zhizi types, and modern research indicates that Shuizhizi contains rich chemical components and pharmacological activities. In this study, we collected 25 batches of Zhizi and Shuizhizi samples, categorizing them based on appearance into obovate and round fruits, with seven length grades (A–G). Using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method, we simultaneously quantified 13 main chemical components in fruits of Gardenia species. In addition, we compared the weight percentage of the pericarp, flesh, and seeds parts of samples with different traits, and quantified 13 chemical components in different parts. Results indicated that, aside from a few instances of overlapping fruit size ranges, Shuizhizi generally exhibits larger and longer dimensions than Zhizi. The weight proportion of the Shuizhizi pericarp is often higher than that of the Zhizi pericarp. Quantitative results highlighted significant differences in the chemical component content between Zhizi and Shuizhizi, with Shuizhizi generally containing higher levels of iridoids. The PCA and OPLS-DA analysis distinctly divided Shuizhizi and Zhizi, among which three iridoids, two organic acids, and one flavonoid made significant contributions to their classification. Cluster heatmap analysis also demonstrated complete separation between Zhizi and Shuizhizi, with clear distinctions among Zhizi samples from different origins. The distribution of the 13 chemical components in different Zhizi and Shuizhizi parts remained consistent, with iridoids and pigments concentrated in the seeds and flesh, and two organic acids and one flavonoid enriched in the pericarp. In summary, this study contributes valuable insights for classifying Zhizi and offers guidance on the rational use of Shuizhizi and the different parts of Zhizi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive quality evaluation of different types of Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) and Shuizhizi based on LC-MS/MS

Qian,

Hu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…G. jasminoides has been cultivated for at least a thousand years in China for use as an ornamental plant and for traditional medicine. In the mid-eighteenth century, G. jasminoides was introduced to English gardens, and it is now distributed widely around the world (Liu and Yin, 2015 ). Moreover, studies on its chemicals and pharmacological effects have provided a foundation for further analyses of the crocin biosynthesis pathway (Sheng et al, 2006 ; Chen et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome-Guided Mining of Genes Involved in Crocin Biosynthesis

Jia

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Gardenia jasminoides is used in traditional Chinese medicine and has drawn attention as a rich source of crocin, a compound with reported activity against various cancers, depression and cardiovascular disease. However, genetic information on the crocin biosynthetic pathway of G. jasminoides is scarce. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the leaves, green fruits, and red fruits of G. jasminoides to identify and predict the genes that encode key enzymes responsible for crocin production, compared with Crocus sativus. Twenty-seven putative pathway genes were specifically expressed in the fruits, consistent with the distribution of crocin in G. jasminoides. Twenty-four of these genes were reported for the first time, and a novel CCD4a gene was predicted that encodes carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase leading to crocin synthesis, in contrast to CCD2 of C. sativus. In addition, 6 other candidate genes (ALDH12, ALDH14, UGT94U1, UGT86D1, UGT71H4, and UGT85K18) were predicted to be involved in crocin biosynthesis following phylogenetic analysis and different gene expression profiles. Identifying the genes that encode key enzymes should help elucidate the crocin biosynthesis pathway.

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“…Each fruit has about 5-7 ridges along the length and inside contains 3-6 seeds with red arils. The fruit can be harvested from September to November (Lim, 2014;Liu et al, 2013;Tang and Eisenbrand, 1992;Wagner et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Chapter II Literlature Reviews 1 Botanical Of Gardenia Jasmi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gardenia contains many natural chemical compounds, such as, iridoids glycoside, terpenoids, crocins, quinic acid derivative, flavonoids, and essential oil (Zhou et al, 2007;Xiao et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2014;Lim, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Wagner et al, 2011;Tang and Eisenbrand, 1992;Wang et al, 2004). Each compound can be extracted from various parts of gardenia.…”

Section: Chemical Constituents Of Gardenia Jasminoides Ellismentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of facial mask products containing gardenia fruit extract

Sunatwanichkul

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Gardenia fruit is widely used in medical treatment. Geniposide and crocins are the major active compounds in gardenia dried ripe fruit. This research focused on geniposide due to its anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to study solvent effect on the extraction of gardenia dried fruit. The solvents were water, 50% ethanol and 70% ethanol. Each crude dried fruit portion was extracted twice consecutively using 2 solvents. Yellow orange color flake was obtained after the gardenia extract was lyophilized and geniposide content in the gardenia extract flake was evaluated. The highest extraction yield (13.06±0.75% by weight) and geniposide content (18.92±0.02% by weight) were obtained when water and 50% ethanol were consecutively used to extract gardenia dried fruit. Powder facial mask and peel-off gel facial mask were developed and the gardenia extract was added to the mask bases for after sun exposure use to reduce skin inflammation. The powder facial mask base containing 1% w/w of xanthan gum provided satisfied appearance and a suitable peel-off mask film was obtained when 0.5% w/w of tragacanth and glycerine were added in the peel-off gel mask base. Both facial masks containing gardenia extract were kept at 4, 30 and 40 oC for 3 months. The result showed that the powder facial mask and the peel-off gel facial mask were physically stable but geniposide remained unchanged only in the peel-off gel facial mask. It could be due to more acidic condition and stabilizing agent in the peel-off gel facial mask formula.

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Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 栀子 (Zhizi, Capejasmine)

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Comprehensive quality evaluation of different types of Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) and Shuizhizi based on LC-MS/MS

Comprehensive quality evaluation of different types of Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) and Shuizhizi based on LC-MS/MS

Transcriptome-Guided Mining of Genes Involved in Crocin Biosynthesis

Development of facial mask products containing gardenia fruit extract

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