Gardenia herbal active constituents: applicable separation procedures

Systematic Separation and Purification of Iridoid Glycosides and Crocetin Derivatives from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by High-speed Counter-current Chromatography

“…The safety and efficacy of this herbal medicine have been demonstrated by pharmacological investigation and clinical applications for centuries. Iridoid glycosides and crocetin derivatives (crocins) are the two major active constituents in Gardenia fruits, and the characteristics and activities of their components have been investigated by in many studies (Ichi et al, 1995;Choi et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2004).…”

Extraction optimization of bioactive compounds (crocin, geniposide and total phenolic compounds) from Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) fruits with response surface methodology

“…With the worldwide trend towards replacing synthetic colorants with natural pigments, crocin has generated a growing demand and gained numerous applications for gardenia yellow in international markets (Pham, Cormier, Farnworth, Tong, & Van Calsteren, 2000;Nakamura, 1995). Iridoid glycoside, such as geniposide, gardenoside, gardoside and scandoside methyl ester, among others, are also present in gardenia (Oshima et al, 1988;Tsai, Westly, Lee, & Chen, 1994;Wang, Tseng, Huang, & Tsai, 2004) and could be converted into blue colorants under aerobic condition by enzymes or some microorganisms (Okuyama, Touyama, & Sawada, 1977). Geniposide, the major component of iridoid glycoside is reported to be up to 35.9% in commercial gardenia preparations (Tsai, Tseng, Chen, & Tsai, 2002) Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 10 (2009) 610-615 and could be used for cholagogue and liver-protecting tablet in clinical medicine (He et al, 2006).…”

Comparative Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activities of Geniposide, Crocins and Crocetin by CCl4-Induced liver Injury in Mice

“…Iridoid glycosides (mainly geniposide) and crocetin derivatives (crocins) are the two major active constituents in gardenia fruits ( Fig. 1 ), of which components, characteristics, and activities have been investigated by many researchers ( Choi et al ., 2001 ; Wang et al ., 2004 ). In addition, it has been reported that genipin (aglycone of geniposide) has hepatoprotective effect ( Kim et al ., 2010 ) and an in vitro study showed that crocetin has protective effect on hepatocyte ( Tseng et al ., 1995 ).…”