Gap Size, Within-Gap Position and Canopy Structure Effects on Conifer Seedling Establishment

Gray, Andrew N.; Spies, Thomas A.

doi:10.2307/2261327

Cited by 263 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…9) was significantly higher in gap centres of medium gaps where PAR transmittance was higher. This is in accord ance with Gray & Spies (Gray & Spies 1996, Gray & Spies 1997: seedling size increased with gap size and was greater at gap centres. In northern temperate forest of British Columbia (Canada), after five years, growth of planted seedlings of shade tolerant and in tolerant species increased rapidly from small single-tree gaps to about 1000 m 2 gaps there after showed little change in gaps up to 5000 m 2 (Coates 2000).…”

Section: Seedling Growthsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This confirms that the natural regen eration of a shade-tolerant species, as silver fir, seems to occur in those sectors of the gap receiving less PAR but sufficient to allow the seedlings growth. Indeed the distribution patterns of seedlings of shade-tolerant tree species, in northern hemisphere, follow the shady southern edges of gaps, as demon strated by Gray & Spies (1996) in the Cas cade Mountains (USA) where regeneration of shade-tolerant species was more abundant in shaded portions of gaps. In the northwest ern British Columbia (Canada) Abies la siocarpa and Abies amabilis "appeared to re generate equally well at all gap positions but showed a clear preference for shadier small and medium sized gap" (Coates 2002).…”

Section: Seedling Densitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Coates & Burton (1997) review the gap dy namics literature with special attention to the use of gap size or position as predictive vari ables for silvicultural success or maintenance of ecosystem function. The role of gap size and within-gap position on the establishment of tree species has been studied in many dif ferent managed forests (Gray & Spies 1996, Van Der Meer et al 1999, Coates 2000, Mal com et al 2001, Diaci 2002, Gagnon et al 2003, Zhu et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of gap size and within-gap position on seedlings establishment in silver fir stands

Albanesi¹,

Gugliotta²,

Mercurio³

et al. 2008

iForest

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Section: Seedling Growthsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Seedling Densitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of gap size and within-gap position on seedlings establishment in silver fir stands

Albanesi¹,

Gugliotta²,

Mercurio³

et al. 2008

iForest

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“…For natural regeneration, it is well known that natural (windbreak) or planed thinning of the cover by the forester (seed felling) is more or less beneficial for germination and the development of seedlings, depending on the size of the opening (D/H ratio), ecophysiological characteristics (shade tolerance, drought and late frost sensitivity, etc.) and the species concerned [47]. [12,44,45].…”

Section: Regeneration and Growth Of Young Standsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between forest stands and microclimate: Ecophysiological aspects and consequences for silviculture

2000

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-At a local scale, forest trees and stands have a marked influence on climate; thus it is possible to define microclimates. These effects depend on local climatic characteristics and stand type. All climatic parameters should be considered, but particular attention should be paid to temperature, light and water. From a silvicultural point of view knowledge of the interactions existing between microclimatic conditions and stands, in conjunction with information now available concerning tree ecophysiology make it possible to produce viable applications which are useful for silviculture during stand formation, and for applying silvicultural treatments. Whitout a doubt, taking forest cover interactions into account (climate and ecophysiological potential of species) is the basis of sustainable management in forests. Based on the current knowledge about young stands, it is possible to use existing vegetation cover, in a more or less modified form, to improve temperature conditions especially in relation to spring frost damage, and to improve water conditions for both plant uptake and plant growth for a variable period depending on the species, but for a minimum of 4 to 5 years. For clearing and thinning, the effects of microclimatic changes created by this type of forestry management, and consequently the response of trees in terms of photosynthesis and growth, are now well defined.forest stands / microclimate / ecophysiology / silviculture Résumé -Interactions entre peuplements forestiers et microclimat : aspect écophysiologique et conséquences pour la sylviculture. Les arbres et les peuplements forestiers exercent, au niveau local, des influences notables sur le climat ; on peut alors définir des microclimats. Ces influences sont dépendantes des caractéristiques du climat local et des types de peuplement. L'ensemble des paramètres climatiques sont à considérer, mais une attention particulière doit être portée à la température, à la lumière et à l'eau. Au plan sylvicole la connaissance des interactions existant entre conditions microclimatiques et peuplements, couplées aux informations maintenant disponibles concernant l'écophysiologie des arbres permettent de déboucher sur des applications fiables, utilisables par la sylviculture pour la création des peuplements et la mise en oeuvre des traitements sylvicoles. Incontestablement la prise en compte des interactions couvert forestier -climat et potentialités écophysiologiques des essences est à la base d'une gestion durable des forêts. Sur la base des connaissances actuelles et pour ce qui concerne les jeunes peuplements, il est possible d'utiliser le couvert végétal préexistant, plus ou moins modifié, pour améliorer les conditions thermiques notamment au plan des risques de dégâts de gel au printemps et pour améliorer les conditions hydriques tant pour ce qui concerne la reprise que la croissance des plants pendant une période variable selon les espèces, mais d'une durée minimale de 4 à 5 ans. Pour les dégagements et éclaircies l'effet des modifications micr...

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“…Gaps in the dispersed SW were variable in size, most being under one tree height in diameter (approximately 0.1 ha), a gap size below which growth declines have been reported in both western hemlock and amabilis fir (Gray andSpies 1996, Coates 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth limitations of planted conifers regenerating under Montane Alternative Silviculture Systems (MASS): Seven-year results

Mitchell¹,

Dunsworth²,

Arnott³

et al. 2004

The Forestry Chronicle

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As part of the Montane Alternative Silviculture Systems (MASS) project, this study investigates limits on the growth of montane conifers resulting from varying overstory retention under conventional and alternative silvicultural systems. After harvesting treatments were complete in 1993, Abies amabilis (amabilis fir) and Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock) seedlings were spring planted in replicated blocks of shelterwood (SW), patch cut (PC), green tree retention (GT) and clearcut (CC) systems. In addition, sub-plots were established within each silvicultural system in which fertilization (at planting) and vegetation control post-planting treatments were applied alone and in combination to test the extent to which growth limitations are related to nutrient availability and vegetative competition. The impact of overstory retention was most pronounced in the reduced light environment of the SW where height growth after seven years was 26-30% lower in both species compared to the untreated CC, GT and PC systems. Although the effect on growth of both species in the SW was mitigated somewhat by fertilization and vegetation control treatments, amabilis fir did not attain free-to-grow height (1.3 m) regardless of post-planting treatment. Time to free-to-grow height in the more open silvicultural systems was reduced in both fir and hemlock with fertilization and vegetation control alone and in combination, except in the CC where the initial growth response to fertilization alone was diminished by the end of the sevenyear study. In contrast to fertilization, the effects of vegetation control on height growth were not apparent until three to five years and seven years after planting in the CC and GT, PC, SW, respectively. Combining vegetation control and fertilization had an additive effect on growth in amabilis fir but not in western hemlock. The effect of silvicultural systems and post-planting treatments on the two species illustrate that both above-and below-ground resource availability (light and nutrients) availability was potentially limiting to growth, particularly in the shelterwood treatment.Key words: MASS, silviculture systems, regeneration, Tsuga heterophylla, Abies amabilis, shelterwood, patch cut, green tree retention, clearcut, fertilizer, vegetation control En tant qu'élément du projet sur les systèmes alternatifs de sylviculture dans la zone montagneuse, cette étude porte sur la réduction de la croissance des conifères alpins à la suite d'une rétention variable du couvert forestier selon des systèmes sylvicoles conventionnels et alternatifs. Suite aux travaux de récolte complétés en 1993, des semis d'Abies amabilis (sapin amabilis) et de Tsuga heterophylla (pruche de l'Ouest) ont été plantés au printemps dans des blocs d'une étude des régimes de jardinage, de coupe partielle, de coupe par troué, de coupe avec rétention d'arbres verts et de coupe à blanc. De plus, des sous-parcelles ont été établies dans chaque régime sylvicole pour lesquels des traitements de fertilisation (au moment de la plantation) e...

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Gap Size, Within-Gap Position and Canopy Structure Effects on Conifer Seedling Establishment

Cited by 263 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of gap size and within-gap position on seedlings establishment in silver fir stands

Effects of gap size and within-gap position on seedlings establishment in silver fir stands

Interactions between forest stands and microclimate: Ecophysiological aspects and consequences for silviculture

Growth limitations of planted conifers regenerating under Montane Alternative Silviculture Systems (MASS): Seven-year results

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