Gap effect and express saccades generation in amblyopia

Perdziak, Maciej; Gryncewicz, Wojciech; Witkowska, Dagmara; Sawosz, Piotr; Ober, Jan

doi:10.1167/19.4.17

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It has been suggested that the reduced saccade latency in gap trials is due to the reduced activity of fixation neurons in the superior colliculus [91]. Two recent studies examined the gap effect in adults with amblyopia [92, 93]. Results showed faster saccade latency for gap trials across all viewing conditions suggesting that disengagement of visual attention is not affected by amblyopia.…”

Section: Effects Of Amblyopia On the Oculomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor Behaviour in Amblyopia: Deficits and Compensatory Adaptations

2019

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Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder arising from decorrelated binocular experience during the critical periods of development. The hallmark of amblyopia is reduced visual acuity and impairment in binocular vision. The consequences of amblyopia on various sensory and perceptual functions have been studied extensively over the past 50 years. Historically, relatively fewer studies examined the impact of amblyopia on visuomotor behaviours; however, research in this area has flourished over the past 10 years. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge about the effects of amblyopia on eye movements, upper limb reaching and grasping movements, as well as balance and gait. Accumulating evidence indicates that amblyopia is associated with considerable deficits in visuomotor behaviour during amblyopic eye viewing, as well as adaptations in behaviour during binocular and fellow eye viewing in adults and children. Importantly, due to amblyopia heterogeneity, visuomotor development in children and motor skill performance in adults may be significantly influenced by the etiology and clinical features, such as visual acuity and stereoacuity. Studies with larger cohorts of children and adults are needed to disentangle the unique contribution of these clinical characteristics to the development and performance of visuomotor behaviours.

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Section: Effects Of Amblyopia On the Oculomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor Behaviour in Amblyopia: Deficits and Compensatory Adaptations

2019

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“…More generally, amblyopia affects a broad range of sensory functions in both the amblyopic ( Asper, Crewther, & Crewther, 2000a ; Asper, Crewther, & Crewther, 2000b ; Baker, Meese, & Hess, 2008 ; Hess, Thompson, & Baker, 2014 ; Hess & Howell, 1977 ; Levi, 2020 ; Levi & Harwerth, 1977 ; Mullen, Sankeralli, & Hess, 1996 ; Pardhan & Gilchrist, 1992 ) and non-amblyopic fellow eye ( Birch, Jost, Wang, Kelly, & Giaschi, 2019 ; Meier & Giaschi, 2017 ). These sensory deficits impact visuomotor behaviors such as saccadic eye movements ( Ciuffreda, Kenyon, & Stark, 1978a ; Ciuffreda, Kenyon, & Stark, 1978b ; Gambacorta, Ding, McKee, & Levi, 2018 ; Mackensen, 1958 ; Niechwiej-Szwedo, Goltz, Chandrakumar, Hirji, & Wong, 2010 ; Niechwiej-Szwedo, Chandrakumar, Goltz, & Wong, 2012 ; Perdziak, Witkowska, Gryncewicz, Przekoracka-Krawczyk, & Ober, 2014 ; Perdziak, Witkowska, Gryncewicz, & Ober, 2016 ; Perdziak, Gryncewicz, Witkowska, Sawosz, & Ober, 2019 ; von Noorden, 1961 ) and hand-eye coordination ( Grant, Melmoth, Morgan, & Finlay, 2007 ; Grant & Conway, 2015 ; Grant & Moseley, 2011 ; Melmoth, Finlay, Morgan, & Grant, 2009 ; Niechwiej-Szwedo, Goltz, Colpa, Chandrakumar, & Wong, 2017 ; Niechwiej-Szwedo, Colpa, & Wong, 2019 ). In particular, saccadic and manual response times are significantly delayed for stimuli viewed through the amblyopic eye ( Gambacorta et al, 2018 ; Hamasaki & Flynn, 1981 ; Levi, Harwerth, & Manny, 1979 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orienting of covert attention by neutral and emotional gaze cues appears to be unaffected by mild to moderate amblyopia

et al. 2021

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Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of vision associated with higher-order visual attention deficits. We explored whether amblyopia affects the orienting of covert spatial attention by measuring the magnitude of the gaze cueing effect from emotional faces. Gaze and emotion cues are key components of social attention. Participants with normal vision (n = 30), anisometropic (n = 7) or strabismic/mixed (n = 5) amblyopia performed a cued peripheral target detection task under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The cue consisted of a centrally presented face with left or right gaze (50% validity to target location) and a fearful, happy, or neutral expression. The magnitude of spatial cueing was computed as the reaction time difference between congruent and incongruent trials for each expression. Fearful facial expressions oriented spatial attention significantly more than happy or neutral expressions. The magnitude of the gaze cueing effect in our cohort of mild-to-moderate amblyopia was comparable to that in normal vision and was not correlated with the severity of amblyopia. There were no statistical group or amblyopia subtype differences for reaction time in any viewing condition. These results place constraints on the range of attentional mechanisms affected by amblyopia and possibly suggest normal covert processing of emotional face stimuli in mild and moderate amblyopia.

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