GAP-43 Induces the Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Retinal Ganglial-Like Cells

Abstract

Optic neuritis (ON) is a common neurological disease, and the transplant of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) has been thought as a promising strategy for improving the injury of the optic nerve system. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into neural cells. Several studies have indicated that GAP-43 is related with the regeneration of nerve cells, while the effect of GAP-43 on inducing BMSC differentiation remains unclear. In this study, the BMSCs were separated from the rats and identified with flow cytometry assay. The GAP-43 expressed vectors were transfected into the BMSCs, and the biomarkers of RGCs such as PAX6, LHX2, and ATOH7 were used to observe by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the effect of GAP-43-induced BMSCs (G-BMSCs) on ON improvement was also verified with rat models, and the activity of MAPK pathway was measured with western blot. Here, it was found that GAP-43 could obviously promote the differentiation of BMSCs, and increased PAX6, LHX2, ATOH7, BRN3A, and BRN3B were observed in the process of cell differentiation. Moreover, it was also found that G-BMSCs significantly increased the abundances of NFL and NFM in G-BMSCs, and GAP-43 could also enhance the activity of MAPK pathways in BMSCs. Therefore, this study suggested that GAP-43 could induce the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into retinal ganglial cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells for repairing glaucomatous optic nerve

“…Significant progress has been made since this goal was set a decade ago. It is likely that multiple technologies for restoring vision will be clinically applied within the next decade (Table 1) [6,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] .…”

“…UMSCs and UMSC-exos [39] Promoted Brn3a + RGCs survival and GFAP + glia cells activation in retina UMSC-exos may play a role in neuroprotection by promoting the RGCs survival and glia cells activation but not the axon regeneration BMSCs [40] The GAP-43 expressed vectors were transfected into the BMSCs and activated of MAPK pathway GAP-43 could induce the differentiation of BMSCs into RGCs DPSCs and BMSCs [41] NGF, BDNF, and NT-3; neuritogenesis/axogenesis of bIII-tubulinþ retinal cells in vitro…”

“…Changes in the phosphorylation state of GAP-43 are a crucial factor in promoting axon growth. Its expression can be used to assess neuronal growth and survival [16,40] . Under normal physiological conditions, brainderived BDNF supports RGCs survival and synaptogenesis through retrograde transport in the optic nerve.…”

Retracted: GAP‐43 Induces the Differentiation of Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Retinal Ganglial‐Like Cells

“…Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine has retracted the article titled “GAP-43 Induces the Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Retinal Ganglial-Like Cells” [ 1 ] due to concerns that the peer review process has been compromised.…”