GANRA-5 protects mice from X-ray irradiation-induced dysfunction of the immune system

Abstract

Ionizing radiation produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause damage to cells. We have synthesized a class of ROS scavengers and found that one of them, named GANRA-5, exhibits high radio-protective effects against both heavy ion irradiation and X-rays, while at the same time displaying low levels of toxicity. Pre-administration with an effective dose of GANRA-5 reduces radiation-induced damage to tissues and increases the survival rate of exposed mice. In this study, we evaluated the changes to the immune system via X-ray irradiation, and investigated how pre-administration of GANRA-5 exhibited preventative characteristics. Compared to the irradiated control groups, GANRA-5 treatment significantly reduced the radiation-induced spleen shrinkage and pathological changes. Moreover, pretreatment with GANRA-5 significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the cellular immune response, which was characterized by higher peritoneal macrophage as well as splenocyte survival, and a higher ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes. In addition, GANRA-5 treatment before whole body irradiation significantly improved the humoral response (p < 0.01) as indicated by the higher antibody titers of IgG, IgA, and IgM. Furthermore, GANRA-5 treatment significantly (p < 0.01) countered radiation-induced decreases in the titers of serum IL-2 and IL-4 when compared to irradiated but untreated control groups. In summary, these findings indicate that GANRA-5 provides effective protection to the immune system against X-ray-induced immunosuppression.

Honokiol ameliorates radiation-induced brain injury via the activation of SIRT3

“…Accordingly, the preservation of mitochondrial function can attenuate radiation injury. [6][7][8] The NAD þ -dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is localized in the mitochondria and regulates cell metabolic homeostasis. 9,10 SIRT3 is involved in mediating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses after organ injury.…”

Cordyceps sinensis aqueous extract regulates the adaptive immunity of mice subjected to 60Co γ irradiation

“…Recirculation not only elevates the levels and activities of T and B cells, but is also crucial for the development of inflammatory and antibody responses in the regulation of adaptive immunity (Grafals et al, 2014; Thurman et al, 2019; Cramer et al, 2006). For the antibody response, immunoglobulins, secreted by B lymphocytes, play an important role in adaptive immunity (Abdel‐Latif, Sakran, Abdel‐Haleem, Eissa, & Al‐Sayed, 2018; T. Liu et al, 2014). Considering their essential role in the humoral immune response, the immunoglobulins of various groups were detected by flow cytometry, as reported earlier (Abdel‐Latif et al, 2018).…”

“…Earlier studies indicate that irradiation‐induced mice invariably exhibited depletion in body weight, spleen index, and WBCs, collectively representative of immunosuppression (Jung, Kang, & Kim, 2012; Ran et al, 2014). T. Liu et al (2014) suggested that the parameters assessed in the above assays could be used to estimate the stage of damage in irradiated mice, and as predictors in therapeutic medicine. In agreement with the above observation, the results show that CSAE treatment rescued the damage, and elevated the levels of lymphocytes and platelets in the peripheral blood cells of irradiated mice.…”

“…Earlier studies indicate that irradiation-induced mice invariably exhibited depletion in body weight, spleen index, and WBCs, collectively representative of immunosuppression (Jung, Kang, & Kim, 2012;Ran et al, 2014). T. Liu et al (2014) suggested that the parameters assessed in the above assays could be used to estimate…”

“…The spleen, being the largest peripheral immune organ of the body, plays an important role in immune function. Pharmacological studies have indicated that the status of the spleen directly influences immune response and the ability to fight diseases (T. Liu et al, 2014). Spitz, Azzam, Li, and Gius (2004) studied the morphological structure of the spleen to assess lymphocyte function, and determined that damage to its structure ultimately resulted in functional changes in adaptive immunity.…”