Ganoderma tsugae prevents cognitive impairment and attenuates oxidative damage in d-galactose-induced aging in the rat brain

Abstract

Lingzhi has long been regarded as having life-prolonging effects. Research in recent years has also reported that Lingzhi possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-lipogenic effects. The D-galactose (D-gal, 100 mg/kg/day)-induced aging Long-Evans rats were simultaneously orally administered a DMSO extract of Ganoderma tsugae (GTDE, 200 μg/kg/day) for 25 weeks to investigate the effects of GTDE on oxidative stress and memory deficits in the D-galactose-induced aging rats. We found that GTDE significantly improved the locomotion and spatial memory and learning in the aging rats. GTDE alleviated the aging-induced reduction of dendritic branching in neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Immunoblotting revealed a significant increase in the protein expression levels of the superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and catalase, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats that received GTDE. D-gal-induced increase in the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was significantly attenuated after the administration of GTDE, and pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) revealed a significant decrease in NLRP3 expression after GTDE administration. Lastly, GTDE significantly reduced the advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In conclusion, GTDE increases antioxidant capacity and BDNF expression of the brain, protects the dendritic structure of neurons, and reduces aging-induced neuronal damage, thereby attenuating cognitive impairment caused by aging.

Diosgenin alleviates D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in rats’ brain and liver targeting aging and apoptotic marker genes

“…Similar to this, animals treated with D-gal had their Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences frontiersin.org brain GPx and GST activities significantly reduced (El-Far et al, 2022). Also, SOD1 protein (Kuo et al, 2022) and SOD activity (Kuo et al, 2022) were decreased in the brain of rats injected with D-gal. Significant drops in the levels of Sirt1, Bcl2, CAT, and GPx were reported by Motevalian et al (2021) in D-gal-treated mice.…”

Ganoderma tsuage promotes pain sensitivity in aging mice

“…We divided the animals into four groups as follows: Control (Control), GT treatment (GT), d -galactose ( d -gal) treatment (aging), and d -gal plus GT treatment (aging + GT). In the d -gal treatment group, we subcutaneously administered daily d -gal injections (100 mg/kg) 28 to the mice for eight weeks. In the d -gal plus GT treatment group, GT (200 μg/kg) 28 was administered as oral gavage daily concomitantly with D-gal injections for eight weeks.…”

“…In the d -gal treatment group, we subcutaneously administered daily d -gal injections (100 mg/kg) 28 to the mice for eight weeks. In the d -gal plus GT treatment group, GT (200 μg/kg) 28 was administered as oral gavage daily concomitantly with D-gal injections for eight weeks. All control animals were subcutaneously administered phosphate-buffered saline at equal volumes.…”

Rutin attenuates d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in rats’ brain and liver: molecular docking and experimental approaches

“…45 recognized significant decreases in brain GPx and GST activities in d -gal-treated rats. Also, d -gal decreased the protein expression of SOD1 56 and SOD 57 activity in the brain of rats. Similarly, Motevalian et al 51 stated significant decreases in the expression of Sirt1, Bcl2, CAT, and GPx of d -gal-treated mice.…”