Ganoderma proteins and their potential applications in cosmetics

Li, Liu-Ding-Ji; Mao, Pei-Wen; Shao, Ke-Di; Bai, Xiaohui; Zhou, Xuan‐Wei

doi:10.1007/s00253-019-10171-z

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…G. lucidum has drawn attention as a natural compound with diverse bioactivities, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-tumor, and anti-melanogenic activities [ 64 ]. Effective components of G. lucidum are polyscaccharides glycoproteins, phenols, and protein substances, which provide its antioxidant activity [ 65 ].…”

Section: Antioxidants and Interfollicular Epidermal Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidants as an Epidermal Stem Cell Activator

Kwon

Park

2020

Antioxidants

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Antioxidants may modulate the microenvironment of epidermal stem cells by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species or by regulating the expression of extracellular matrix protein. The extracellular membrane is an important component of the stem cell niche, and microRNAs regulate extracellular membrane-mediated basal keratinocyte proliferation. In this narrative review, we will discuss several antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, plant extracts, peptides and hyaluronic acid, and their effect on the epidermal stem cell niche and the proliferative potential of interfollicular epidermal stem cells in 3D skin equivalent models.

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Section: Antioxidants and Interfollicular Epidermal Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another Ganoderma protein, Ganoderma glycopeptides, also exhibits antioxidant property. Ganoderma glycoprotein increased the activity of SOD and glutathione peroxidase in animal serum, hippocampus, and myocardium, resulting in the reduced level of malondialdehyde [ 65 ].…”

Section: Antioxidants and Interfollicular Epidermal Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants as an Epidermal Stem Cell Activator

Kwon

Park

2020

Antioxidants

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“…Fungi can potentially contain many bioactive proteins, including lectins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, laccases, nucleases, glycoproteins/glycopeptides, and immunomodulatory proteins (1)(2)(3). Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a group of proteins found in fungi, which show noticeable immunomodulatory activity (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a group of proteins found in fungi, which show noticeable immunomodulatory activity (4,5). In recent decades, they have been widely studied for their pharmaceutical utilizations (2,3). Ling-Zhi 8 (LZ-8) is the first FIP discovered in Ganoderma lucidum (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of the Structure and Function of Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins

2020

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Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a group of proteins found in fungi, which are extensively studied for their immunomodulatory activity. Currently, more than 38 types of FIPs have been described. Based on their conserved structure and protein identity, FIPs can be classified into five subgroups: Fve-type FIPs (Pfam PF09259), Cerato-type FIPs (Pfam PF07249), PCP-like FIPs, TFP-like FIPs, and unclassified FIPs. Among the five subgroups, Fve-type FIPs are the most studied for their hemagglutinating, immunomodulating, and anti-cancer properties. In general, these small proteins consist of 110-125 amino acids, with a molecular weight of ∼13 kDa. The other four subgroups are relatively less studied, but also show a noticeable influence on immune cells. In this review, we summarized the protein modifications, 3-dimensional structures and bioactivities of all types of FIPs. Moreover, structure-function relationship of FIPs has been discussed, including relationship between carbohydrate binding module and hemagglutination, correlation of oligomerization and cytokine induction, relevance of glycosylation and lymphocyte activation. This summary and discussion may help gain comprehensive understanding of FIPs' working mechanisms and scope future studies.

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“…Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst (also known as "Reishi" or "Ling Zhi") is a well-known mushroom that has interesting pharmacological and nutraceutical properties (10,11). The history of the therapeutic use of G. lucidum goes back to 4000 years ago.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Fusarium graminearum to Ganoderma lucidum Extract

Vahdani

Shoeibi

Sharifan

2021

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known fungus that has been widely used in traditional medicine around the world, especially in East Asia, due to its various health promotion properties. Recently, researchers have drawn attention to the biologically active compounds found in this fungus, and this fungus has become very popular due to its pharmaceutical properties. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal properties of the Iranian strain of G. lucidum as a natural antifungal agent against harmful filamentous fungi common in the food industry. Methods: Three filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Fusarium graminearum, were used in this study for the antifungal evaluation of ethanolic, hydroalcoholic, and two aqueous extracts of G. lucidum with different concentrations by the broth microdilution method. Results: The results showed that only the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus at 2 and 3.5 mg/mL, respectively. Also, no antifungal activity was observed for the aqueous extract for all the three studied fungi. In addition, A. flavus was found to be more sensitive to G. lucidum extracts compared to the two other studied fungi. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of G. lucidum was effective on A. flavus and can be used as a natural antifungal agent to prevent the growth of this harmful filamentous fungus.

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Ganoderma proteins and their potential applications in cosmetics

Cited by 20 publications

References 82 publications

Antioxidants as an Epidermal Stem Cell Activator

Antioxidants as an Epidermal Stem Cell Activator

Current Understanding of the Structure and Function of Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins

Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Fusarium graminearum to Ganoderma lucidum Extract

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