Ganoderma lucidum Extract Reduces the Motility of Breast Cancer Cells Mediated by the RAC–Lamellipodin Axis

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The main cause of BC morbidity and mortality is the invasiveness capacity of cancer cells that may lead to metastasis. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE)—a medicinal mushroom with anticancer properties—on BC motility via the Rac/Lamellipodin pathway. GLE treatment effects were tested on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The effects were tested on cell viability, migration and invasion. Pulldowns, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence were used to measure Rac activity and the expression of proteins involved in cell migration and in lamellipodia formation, respectively. As a result, GLE suppressed BC cell viability, migration, and invasion capacity. GLE impaired Rac activity, as well as downregulated Lamellipodin, ENA/VASP, p-FAK (Tyr925), Cdc42, and c-Myc expression. Lamellipodia formation was significantly reduced by GLE. In conclusion, we demonstrate that GLE reduces Rac activity and downregulates signaling molecules involved in lamellipodia formation. These novel findings serve as basis for further studies to elucidate the potential of GLE as a therapeutic agent regulating the Rac/Lamellipodin pathway in BC metastasis.

Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, topoisomerase inhibition, and apoptosis induction studies of a novel cobalt(III) complex with a thiosemicarbazone ligand

“…The mixture was filtered, and the residue was air dried and collected before it was placed into a desiccator with concentrated H 2 SO 4 for three days to produce anhydrous [Co(phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ](NO 3 ) 3 3, which was then used in the subsequent syntheses. Yield = 2.44 g (65%) 1 Conductivity measurements (a 1.0 mM solution): In CH 3 CN, Λ m = 295 Ω −1 cm −1 mol −1 and in DMSO, Λ m = 72 Ω −1 cm −1 mol −1 .…”

“…The product's 1 H NMR spectrum was compared to the chemical shifts in the literature; where complex 3 was proven to be pure [155]. 1 H NMR spectra of complexes 2 and 3 are shown in Fig. S4, where the aromatic protons that were overlapping circa 7.5 ppm in complex 2 are no longer overlapping in complex 3.…”

“…Breast cancer (BCa) is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women [1][2][3][4][5]. Furthermore, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents considerable therapeutic challenges due to disease heterogeneity, absence of established therapeutic targets, aggressive metastatic potential with higher rate of distant recurrence, and poor prognosis [6][7][8].…”

Anti-cancer therapeutic benefit of red guava extracts as a potential therapy in combination with doxorubicin or targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer cells

“…Breast cancer is the second major cause of death among cancers that are generally diagnosed in women [9,10]. Breast cancer commonly has invasive characteristics and a high rate of metastasis, which result in high morbidity and mortality [11,12]. Currently, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy are the most common breast cancer…”

High-Pressure Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Body and Their Anti-hepatoma Effect Associated With the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway

“…G. lucidum is registered in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the efficacy of replenishing qi, tranquilizing the mind, and relieving cough and asthma ( Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2015 ). In the past few decades, it has been reported that G. lucidum has anti-cancer ( Li et al, 2013a ; Guo et al, 2018 ; Zhao et al, 2018 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ; Acevedo-Díaz et al, 2019 ), immunomodulatory ( Ishimoto et al, 2017 ), antioxidant ( Kan et al, 2015 ; Bhardwaj et al, 2016 ), antidiabetic ( Pan et al, 2013 ; Ma et al, 2015 ), antimicrobial ( Gaylan et al, 2018 ; Naveenkumar et al, 2018 ), hepatoprotective ( Chatterjee and Acharya, 2016 ), and anti-inflammatory ( Cai et al, 2016 ) effects. Since it has been proved to improve quality of life in cancer patients, G. lucidum preparation is widely used in adjuvant therapy for cancer as a traditional Chinese medicine ( Bao et al, 2012 ; Jin et al, 2016 ).…”