Gangs and Adolescent Mental Health: a Narrative Review

Macfarlane, Alastair

doi:10.1007/s40653-018-0231-y

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Considering that gang members are at-risk for exposure to violence (Gilman, et al, 2017; Miller, 2001; Peterson et al, 2004), this possibility seems likely. This would be consistent with Macfarlane’s (2019) (2) and (3) postulates regarding the elevated prevalence of mental illness among gang members. For this reason, PTSD should be seen definitively as a reason for the continuity of gang membership, but only interpreted more cautiously as a risk factor for actually joining a gang in the first place.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

PTSD as a Risk Factor for Chronic Gang Membership During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

Wojciechowski

2020

Crime & Delinquency

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This study sought to identify developmental patterns of gang membership among a sample of juvenile offenders during adolescence and early adulthood. Examine the relevance of PTSD for predicting development. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify developmental patterns of gang membership. Multinomial logistic regression examined if PTSD predicts trajectory group membership. A five-group model best fit the gang membership data. Meeting lifetime criteria for PTSD at baseline predicted membership to a trajectory group characterized by chronic gang membership. Results indicate that screening for PTSD may help to identify juvenile offenders who may be at-risk for becoming chronic gang members. Providing trauma-informed care may help to reduce the impact of PTSD on gang membership risk by providing treatment that helps juvenile offenders manage emotions and establish and maintain social support relationships outside of a gang context.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

PTSD as a Risk Factor for Chronic Gang Membership During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

Wojciechowski

2020

Crime & Delinquency

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“…First, researchers need to help adapt trauma-focused prevention and intervention services to answer the call to infuse trauma-informed care into gang prevention programs (Dierkhising & Kerig, 2018). In particular, gang diversion programs would benefit from evidence-based tools to screen and assess traumatic events, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and potential traumatic reactions, including trauma-linked CU, as well as other mental health problems which are frequently found among gang members (Macfarlane, 2019; Madan et al, 2011). Second, gang-involved youth would benefit from receiving treatment that is trauma-informed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Among Trauma Exposure, Callous-Unemotionality, Race or Ethnicity, and Gang Involvement in Justice-Involved Youth

Mendez

Mozley

Kerig

2020

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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The current study examined the association between trauma exposure and gang involvement and whether these interrelations were explained by callous-unemotionality (CU). In addition, the current study examined whether the associations among these variables differed based on race or ethnicity. A sample of 829 justice-involved youth (74% boys, 45% participants of color) recruited from a detention center completed self-report measures of trauma exposure, CU, and gang involvement. A moderated mediation analysis indicated that CU helped explain the association between trauma exposure and gang involvement for non-Hispanic White participants only. In contrast, the direct association between trauma exposure and gang involvement was significant across racial or ethnic groups. These findings highlight the importance of a trauma-informed perspective on intervening and preventing gang involvement among youth.

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“…The approach taken for this narrative review is similar, for example, to that undertaken for an assessment of the literature on the role played by gangs in adolescent mental health [ 9 ] and the health effects of video gaming [ 10 ]. Iterative searches of Google Scholar were conducted to find relevant publications published in English, using the search terms “children,” “young people,” “teenagers,” and “adolescents” in combination with “digital health” and then, more specifically, combined with “health,” “digital media,” “websites,” “telemedicine,” “telehealth,” “electronic patient records,” “social media,” “apps,” “smartphones,” “wearable devices,” “exergames,” “Facebook,” “YouTube,” “Instagram,” “Pinterest,” “Twitter,” and “Snapchat.” Google Scholar was chosen as the database to search because, unlike other major databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, or Scopus, it is far more inclusive of humanities and social sciences outputs, such as books, book chapters, and journals, which are not included in science- or medical-based databases, while simultaneously including the publications listed in those databases [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young People’s Use of Digital Health Technologies in the Global North: Narrative Review

Lupton¹

2021

J Med Internet Res

103

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Background A diverse array of digital technologies are available to children and young people living in the Global North to monitor, manage, and promote their health and well-being. Objective This article provides a narrative literature review of the growing number of social research studies published over the past decade that investigate the types of digital technologies used by children and young people in the Global North, in addition to investigating which of these technologies they find most useful or not useful. Key findings as well as major gaps and directions for future research are identified and discussed. Methods A comprehensive search of relevant publications listed in Google Scholar was conducted, supported by following citation trails of these publications. The findings are listed under type of digital technology used for health: cross-media, internet, social media, apps and wearable devices, sexual health support and information, and mental health support and information. Results Many young people in the Global North are active users of digital health technologies. However, it is notable that they still rely on older technologies, such as websites and search engines, to find information. Apps and platforms that may not have been specifically developed for young people as digital health resources often better suit their needs. Young people appreciate the ready availability of information online, the opportunities to learn more about their bodies and health states, and the opportunities to learn how to improve their health and physical fitness. They enjoy being able to connect with peers, and they find emotional support and relief from distress by using social media platforms, YouTube, and online forums. Young people can find the vast reams of information available to them difficult to navigate. They often look to trusted adults to help them make sense of the information they find online and to provide alternative sources of information and support. Face-to-face interactions with these trusted providers remain important to young people. Risks and harms that young people report from digital health use include becoming overly obsessed with their bodies’ shape and size when using self-tracking technologies and comparing their bodies with the social media influencers they follow. Conclusions Further details on how young people are using social media platforms and YouTube as health support resources and for peer-to-peer sharing of information, including attention paid to the content of these resources and the role played by young social media influencers and microcelebrities, would contribute important insights to this body of literature. The role played by visual media, such as GIFs (Graphics Interchange Format) and memes, and social media platforms that have recently become very popular with young people (eg, Snapchat and TikTok) in health-related content creation and shar...

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Gangs and Adolescent Mental Health: a Narrative Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 67 publications

PTSD as a Risk Factor for Chronic Gang Membership During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

PTSD as a Risk Factor for Chronic Gang Membership During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

Associations Among Trauma Exposure, Callous-Unemotionality, Race or Ethnicity, and Gang Involvement in Justice-Involved Youth

Young People’s Use of Digital Health Technologies in the Global North: Narrative Review

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