Gangrenous mastitis in dromedary camels in UAE caused by Streptococcus agalactiae

Tigani-Asil, El Tigani Ahmed El; Abdelwahab, Ghada Elderdiri; Veedu, Jayamohanan Thikkal Veedu Payyan; Khalafalla, Abdelmalik I.; Mohamed, Zayed Saud Abdullah; Ishag, Hassan Zackaria Ali; Shah, Asma Abdi Mohamed; Alhosani, Mohamed Ali; Muhairi, Salama Suhail Mohammed Al

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02382-8

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Clinical mastitis is characterized by redness, heat and swelling of the mammary gland. However, subclinical mastitis is characterized by a lack of visible typical mastitis symptoms signs in the milk or in the udder [10,11]. The major problems overwhelming the status of udder health in camels are tick infestation of the udder and thorny bushes, unhygienic practices, and cauterizations of the udder skin [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, little is known about pathogens involved in mastitis occurrence in camels using culture-independent approaches. The available information on clinical and subclinical mastitis-causing microorganisms was exclusively reported based on conventional bacteriological (culture-dependent) methods, mainly from Ethiopia [11,16,[23][24][25]. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species were shown to be the most common causes of mastitis in Ethiopia [16,23] while Streptococcus agalactiae was the only bacterium isolated from gangrenous mastitis in dromedary camels in the United Arab Emirates [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of mastitis in camel using high-throughput sequencing

et al. 2022

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Camel milk is recognized as a functional food with significant economic value. Mastitis is one of the most common and costly diseases in the dairy industry. Mastitis, which is caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae, has an impact on the quality and quantity of milk produced as well as animal health and welfare. There is a paucity of data on the etiological factors that cause camel mastitis. This study reports the bacterial and fungal community involved in clinical camel mastitis using Illumina amplicon sequencing. A total of 25 milk samples were analyzed, including 9 samples with mastitis and 16 healthy samples. The bacterial community in healthy samples was significantly more diverse and abundant than in mastitis samples. The fungal population in mastitis samples, on the other hand, was more diverse and abundant. As compared to healthy samples, the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Schlegelella, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, Jeotgalicoccus. and Klebsiella were found to be abundant in mastitic milk. However, the genera Corynebacterium, Enteractinococcus, unclassified Sphingomonadaceae, Atopostipes, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Sphingomonas, Pediococcus and Moraxella were reduced. In the fungal community, mastitis caused a significant increase in the relative abundance of the majority of taxa, including Candida, Phanerochaete, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and unclassified Pyronemataceae, while Penicillium and Alternaria showed a decline in relative abundance. In the bacterial and fungal communities, the discriminant analysis showed 19 and 5 differently abundant genera in healthy milk and mastitic milk, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed a microbiome dysbiosis linked to clinical camel mastitis, with opportunistic pathogens outgrowing commensal bacteria that were reduced. These findings are essential in designing an appropriate control program in the camel dairy herd, as well as in preventing and treating camel mastitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of mastitis in camel using high-throughput sequencing

et al. 2022

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“…aureus ), and Streptococcus agalactiae ( S . agalactiae ) are responsible for several infectious diseases in the dromedary camel [ 2 , 10 ]. The current study investigated the modulatory effects of whole blood stimulation with the bacterial species, E. coli , S. aureus , or S. agalactiae , on the phenotype and function of camel leukocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aureus ), and Streptococcus agalactiae ( S . agalactiae ) are major causative agents of different infectious diseases in the dromedary camel including metritis, mastitis, and neonatal infections [ 2 , 10 ]. For the three different bacterial species, different host-pathogen interaction mechanisms and different disease outcomes have been reported [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial species-specific modulatory effects on phenotype and function of camel blood leukocytes

Hussen

2021

BMC Vet Res

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Background Recent studies have reported pathogen-species-specific modulating effects on the innate immune system. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae are important pathogenic bacteria responsible for different infectious diseases in several animal species. In the present study, a whole blood culture with S. aureus, E. coli, or S. agalactiae and flow cytometry were used to investigate, whether stimulation with different bacterial species induces different immunomodulation patterns in camel leukocytes. The expression of different cell surface myeloid markers and cell adhesion molecules on monocytes and neutrophils was investigated. In addition, the capacity of monocytes and neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed. Results Stimulation with either of the bacterial species resulted in the expansion of the camel CD14highMHCIIhigh monocyte subset with a reduced fraction of CD14highMHCIIlow monocytes. For the CD14lowMHCIIhigh monocytes, however, only stimulation with S. aureus or S. agalactiae increased their fractions in blood. Although all bacterial species elicited the upregulation of cell surface MHC class II molecules on granulocytes, the increase was, however, highest on cells stimulated with S. aureus. The expression levels of the two adhesion molecules, CD11a and CD18, on neutrophils and monocytes were differently affected by bacterial stimulation. Functionally, E. coli failed to stimulate ROS production in monocytes, while induced a strong ROS production response in granulocytes. S. agalactiae elicited a week ROS production in granulocytes when compared to the other two pathogens. Conclusions The different responsiveness of monocytes and granulocytes toward different bacterial species indicates different host-pathogen interaction mechanisms for the two cell populations. In addition, the phenotypic and functional differences between cells stimulated with E. coli, S. aureus, or S. agalactiae suggests pathogen-species-specific modulating effects of the bacterial pathogens on the camel innate myeloid cells.

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“…Pathogen-species-speci c modulatory effects on the innate immune system have been described in several species and for different pathogens [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) are major causative agents of different infectious diseases in the dromedary camel including metritis, mastitis, and neonatal infections [2,8]. For the three different bacterial species, different host-pathogen interaction mechanisms and different disease outcomes have been reported [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Species-Specific Modulatory Effects on Phenotype and Function of Camel Blood Leukocytes

Hussen

2020

Preprint

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Background: Recent studies have reported pathogen-species-specific modulating effects on the innate immune system. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae are important pathogenic bacteria responsible for different infectious diseases in several animal species. In the present study, a whole blood culture and flow cytometry were used to investigate, whether stimulation with different bacterial species induces different immunomodulation patterns in camel leukocytes. Results: Stimulation with either of the bacterial species resulted in the expansion of the camel CD14highMHCIIhigh monocyte subset with a reduced fraction of CD14highMHCIIlow monocytes. For the CD14highMHCIIlow monocytes, however, only stimulation with S. aureus or S. agalactiae increased their fractions in blood. Although all bacterial species elicited the upregulation of cell surface MHC-II molecules on granulocytes, the increase was, however, highest on cells stimulated with S. aureus. The expression levels of the two adhesion molecules, CD11a and CD18, on neutrophils and monocytes were differently affected by bacterial stimulation. Functionally, E. coli failed to stimulate ROS production in monocytes, while induced a strong ROS production response in granulocytes. S. agalactiae elicited a week ROS production in granulocytes when compared to the other two pathogens. Conclusions: The different responsiveness of monocytes and granulocytes toward different bacterial species indicates different host-pathogen interaction mechanisms for the two cell populations. In addition, the phenotypic and functional differences between cells stimulated with E. coli, S. aureus, or S. agalactiae suggests pathogen-species-specific modulating effects of the bacterial pathogens on the camel innate myeloid cells.

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Gangrenous mastitis in dromedary camels in UAE caused by Streptococcus agalactiae

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of mastitis in camel using high-throughput sequencing

Assessment of mastitis in camel using high-throughput sequencing

Bacterial species-specific modulatory effects on phenotype and function of camel blood leukocytes

Bacterial Species-Specific Modulatory Effects on Phenotype and Function of Camel Blood Leukocytes

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