Ganglioside and lipid composition of bulk‐isolated rat and bovine oligodendroglia

Yu, Robert K.; Macala, Lawrence J.; Farooq, Muhammad; Sbaschnig-Agler, Michele; Norton, William T.; Ledeen, Robert W.

doi:10.1002/jnr.490230203

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several previous studies have shown that GD3 is major ganglioside of mature rat, bovine, and human oligodendrocytes as shown by thin layer chromato graphic (TLC) analysis [45,46]. By contrast, the present study demonstrates that GD3 expression is not observed in GalC+ oligodendrocytes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Ganglioside Markers GD3, GD2, and A2B5 in Fetal Human Neurons and Glial Cells in Culture

Satoh¹,

Kim²

1995

Dev Neurosci

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Expression of ganglioside markers GD3, GD2, and A2B5 was investigated in primary cell cultures isolated from fetal human brains of 12–15 weeks gestation by immunocytochemistry. None of neuron-specific enolase (NSE)⁺ neurons expressed GD3, while large numbers of NSE⁺ neurons expressed GD2 (72%) or A2B5 (48%). In GFAP⁺ astrocytes, GD3 was expressed in a small population (3%) with a high proliferative capacity. GD2 expression was observed in 20% of GFAP⁺ astrocytes, while A2B5 was identified in a very small number (2%) of GFAP⁺ astrocytes. GD2 was coexpressed in a small population (11%) of GD3⁺ astrocytes, while A2B5 was colocalized in more than 50% of GD3⁺ astrocytes. In galactocerebroside⁺ oligodendrocytes, GD3 expression was not observed but a small population (8–9%) expressed GD2 and A2B5, In Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA)⁺ microglia, neither GD3, GD2, nor A2B5 were identified. Our results indicate that in fetal human brain cell cultures, GD3 is expressed in a small population of astrocytes, while both GD2 and A2B5 are expressed in a large population of neurons and smaller populations of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Our results suggest that both GD3 and A2B5, cell type-specific markers for oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte progenitor cells in the rat central nervous system, could not be utilized as valid markers for glial precursor cells in fetal human brain cell cultures.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Ganglioside Markers GD3, GD2, and A2B5 in Fetal Human Neurons and Glial Cells in Culture

Satoh¹,

Kim²

1995

Dev Neurosci

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“…The decreased immunostaining of oligodendrocytes with anti-GD3 antibodies as they mature (Dubois-Dalcq and Armstrong, 1992) suggests that the amount of GD3 decreases with development and is consistent with decreased net synthesis suggested by the labeling experiments in the current study. Since GM3 is a relatively prominent ganglioside in mature rat oligodendrocytes (Yu et al, 1989), it may be that the increased incorporation of [ 14C]galactose into GM3 with development observed here reflects an increased net synthesis of this ganglioside during differentiation. Since treatment of the cultures with exogenous GM3 ganglioside increased pro-+ - Fig.…”

Section: Magmentioning

confidence: 93%

Differentiation of oligodendrocytes cultured from developing rat brain is enhanced by exogenous GM3 ganglioside

Yim

Farrer

Hammer

et al. 1994

J of Neuroscience Research

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Cultures consisting primarily of O-2A progenitor cells and immature oligodendrocytes with a few microglia and astrocytes were obtained by shaking primary cultures from neonatal rat brain after 12-14 days in vitro. Addition of 50 micrograms/ml exogenous Neu-NAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1'ceramide (GM3 ganglioside) to the cultures resulted in an increase in the number and thickness of cell processes that stained intensely for sulfatide and galactocerebroside (galC) in comparison to control cultures without added GM3. The treated cultures also contained fewer astrocytes than control cultures as revealed by immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Cells that immunostained for both GFAP and sulfatide/galC were very rare in control cultures but were frequently seen in the GM3-treated cultures, suggesting that these may represent cells changing their direction of differentiation away from type II astrocytes toward oligodendrocytes under the influence of GM3. These effects on the developing rat oligodendrocytes were specific for GM3 ganglioside and were not produced by adding GM1, GM2, GD3, or GD1a to the cultures. Lactosyl ceramide and neuraminyl lactose were also ineffective. When control cultures were initially plated on polylysine and incubated with [14C]galactose, GD3 was the principal labeled ganglioside. However, as the control cells differentiated over time in culture without the addition of exogenous GM3 and produced increasing amounts of myelin-related components, the incorporation of [14C]galactose into endogenous GM3 increased to become the predominant labeled ganglioside by 6 days after plating. Metabolic labeling of the GM3-treated oligodendrocytes with [14C]galactose revealed increased incorporation into galC and sulfatide in comparison to control cultures, but a decreased labeling of endogenous GM3. Similarly, incorporation of an amino acid precursor into the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was increased by GM3 treatment, but incorporation into myelin basic protein (MBP) was not affected. Although the overall effect of added GM3 was to decrease the phosphorylation of most proteins in the oligodendrocytes, including MBP, GM3 enhanced the phosphorylation of MAG. These findings indicate that GM3 ganglioside has an important role in the differentiation of cells of the O-2A lineage toward myelin production, since differentiation is associated with increased metabolic labeling of endogenous GM3 in control cultures and is enhanced by the addition of exogenous GM3.

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“…In contrast, the GM3 content was higher in mature milk than in colostrum, and was also higher in term than in preterm milk (Rueda et al, 1996a, b). GD3 is usually detected in developing tissues, whereas GM3 is more abundant in mature tissues (Yu et al, 1989). In cow's milk, GD3 was the major ganglioside followed by GM3.…”

Section: Gm1 Long-term (Several Weeks)mentioning

confidence: 96%

The role and potential of sialic acid in human nutrition

2003

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Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon acidic monosaccharides that occur naturally at the end of sugar chains attached to the surfaces of cells and soluble proteins. In the human body, the highest concentration of sialic acid (as N-acetylneuraminic acid) occurs in the brain where it participates as an integral part of ganglioside structure in synaptogenesis and neural transmission. Human milk also contains a high concentration of sialic acid attached to the terminal end of free oligosaccharides, but its metabolic fate and biological role are currently unknown. An important question is whether the sialic acid in human milk is a conditional nutrient and confers developmental advantages on breast-fed infants compared to those fed infant formula. In this review, we critically discuss the current state of knowledge of the biology and role of sialic acid in human milk and nervous tissue, and the link between sialic acid, breastfeeding and learning behaviour.

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Ganglioside and lipid composition of bulk‐isolated rat and bovine oligodendroglia

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Ganglioside Markers GD3, GD2, and A2B5 in Fetal Human Neurons and Glial Cells in Culture

Ganglioside Markers GD3, GD2, and A2B5 in Fetal Human Neurons and Glial Cells in Culture

Differentiation of oligodendrocytes cultured from developing rat brain is enhanced by exogenous GM3 ganglioside

The role and potential of sialic acid in human nutrition

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